The California dairy industry generates about $4.5 billion in gross farm revenue, more than any other agricultural industry in the state. The dairy industry is also one of the most heavily regulated and supported agricultural industries in California. This article examines how the role of government has evolved in one part of the California milk marketing and pricing system. We describe the cre...

Over the past two decades there have been major increases in dairy production in New Zealand. This increase in intensity has required increased use of external inputs, in particular fertilizer, feed, and water. Intensified dairy farming thus incurs considerable environmental externalities: impacts that are not paid for directly by the dairy farmer. These externalities are left for the wider New...

BACKGROUND In the decade after 1983, the annual growth rate of drug expenditure was about four times as high as that of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in Shanghai. In 1993 and 1994, a drug list policy and hospital revenue capping policy were introduced in Shanghai to contain drug expenditure. We studied the impact of these two policies, as a model for similar policies in other parts of...

Growing concerns about the environmental consequences of chemically based pest control strategies have precipitated a call for the development of integrated, ecologically based pest management programs. Carabid or ground beetles (Coleoptera:Carabidae) are an important group of natural enemies of common agricultural pests such as aphids, slugs, and other beetles. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is ...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence local revenue in Pariaman City over last 10 years. independent variables used include number tourists, tourist objects and GRDP at constant prices. while dependent variable City. method analyzing data be by means multiple linear analysis looking relationship between variable, see whether or not there an amount gross regional dom...

AIM To determine the contribution of clinical trials to the gross domestic product (GDP) in Hungary. METHODS An anonymous survey of pharmaceutical companies and clinical research organizations (CROs) was conducted to estimate their clinical trial-related employment and revenues. Clinical trial documents at the National Institute of Pharmacy (NIP) were analyzed to estimate trial-related revenu...

This paper makes a new attack on the old problem of measuring horizontal inequity (HI). A local measure of HI is proposed, and aggregated into a global index. Whilst other approaches have captured the welfare gain which would come from eliminating HI revenue-neutrally, our global index provides a measure of the revenue gain per capita which would come from eliminating HI welfare-neutrally. When...

The study's overarching goal is to assess the influence of Value Added Tax (VAT) revenue on private domestic investment in emerging countries. study used a time series research design, and it case one country, Tanzania. Annual data from 1998 2020 were study. tax income taken Tanzania Revenue Authority website Bank Tanzania, while as Gross fixed capital formation sector percentage GDP obtained W...

considered supply chain in this article consists of one vendor and multiple retailers where the vendor applies vendor managed inventory. considering vendor as a leader and retailers as followers, stackelberg game theory is applied for modeling and analyzing this system. a general mixed integer nonlinear model is developed which can optimizes the performance of the system under revenue sharing c...