in this paper, we introduce the new notion of n-f-clean rings as a generalization of f-clean rings. next, we investigate some properties of such rings. we prove that mn(r) is n-f-clean for any n-f-clean ring r. we also, get a condition under which the denitions of n-cleanness and n-f-cleanness are equivalent.

We introduce the class of “right almost V-rings” which is properly between the classes of right V-rings and right good rings. A ring R is called a right almost V-ring if every simple R-module is almost injective. It is proved that R is a right almost V-ring if and only if for every R-module M, any complement of every simple submodule of M is a direct summand. Moreover, R is a right almost V-rin...

The rings considered in this article are commutative with identity. This article is motivated by the work on comaximal graphs of rings.  In this article, with any ring $R$, we associate an undirected graph denoted by $G(R)$, whose vertex set is the set of all elements of $R$ and distinct vertices $x,y$ are joined by an edge in $G(R)$ if and only if $Rxcap Ry = Rxy$.  In Section 2 of this articl...

If A is a strongly noetherian graded algebra generated in degree one, then there is a canonically constructed graded ring homomorphism from A to a twisted homogeneous coordinate ring B(X,L, σ), which is surjective in large degree. This result is a key step in the study of projectively simple rings. The proof relies on some results concerning the growth of graded rings which are of independent i...

introduction: hydrogen sulfide (h2s) plays a key role in the regulation of vascular tone and protection of blood vessels against endothelial dysfunction. since the mechanism of salt impairing h2s-induced vascular relaxation is not fully clear, therefore this study was designed to investigate the role of potassium (k+) channels in the vasodilatory effects of exogenous h2s in rat aortic rings. ma...

Methods: Cross-sections of 19 remnant pines exhibiting 190 fire scars were collected from a 1.2-km area. Tree-rings and fire scars were precisely dated and analysed for the purpose of characterizing past changes in fire and tree growth. Temporal variability in fire occurrence and seasonality was described for the preand post-European settlement periods. Seasonality of historic fires was determi...

In order to determine more accurate indicators of wood structure obtained by microwave sensing and improve our understanding of plane wave propagation through this complex material, we have undertaken a permittivity survey and experimentally investigated scattering of a plane wave, measuring its transmission over two non-parallel surfaces of a rectangular lumber sample. This novel non-destructi...

for a ring endomorphism $alpha$ and an $alpha$-derivation $delta$, we introduce a concept, so called skew $pi$-armendariz ring, that is a generalization of both $pi$-armendariz rings, and $(alpha,delta)$-compatible skew armendariz rings. we first observe the basic properties of skew $pi$-armendariz rings, and extend the class of skew $pi$-armendariz rings through various ring extensions. we nex...

In this paper, we introduce the concept of interval valued fuzzy weak bi-ideals of $Gamma$-near-rings, which is a generalized concept of fuzzy weak bi-ideals of $Gamma$- near-rings. We also characterize some properties and examples of interval valued fuzzy weak bi-ideals of $Gamma$-near-rings.

Anisotropic colloidal building blocks are quite attractive as they enable the self-assembly towards new materials with designated hierarchical structures. Although many advances have been achieved in colloidal synthetic methodology, synthesis of colloidal rings with low polydispersity and on a large scale remains a challenge. To address this issue we introduce a new site-selective growth strate...