BACKGROUND Studies investigating the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects have yielded mixed results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRP by comparing clinical attachment level (CAL) and pocket depth (PD) for patients who received PRP as an adjunct to periodontal intrabony defect therapy with those for patients who did not. We also analyze...

The general Markov model (GMM) of nucleotide substitution does not assume the evolutionary process to be stationary, reversible, or homogeneous. The GMM can be simplified by assuming the evolutionary process to be stationary. A stationary GMM is appropriate for analyses of phylogenetic data sets that are compositionally homogeneous; a data set is considered to be compositionally homogeneous if ...

AIM To evaluate the surgical strategies and functional outcomes of intramedullary cervicomedullary ependymoma (ICE). MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging data of 28 ICE patients who underwent surgical resection, including 11 males and 17 females and the average age was 37.9 years (range:11-69 years). The modified McCormick grading system (mMG) was...

OBJECTIVE The treatment of giant cell tumor (GCT) is mainly performed surgically. However, GCT in spine seems difficult to treat because of the limited surgical accessibility and proximity. In this report, we analyzed the outcome of GCT treatment in spine. METHODS Between 2000 and 2012, 19 patients received treatment for GCT in spine. Median age at their first diagnosis was 31 years, 10 patie...

Abstract OBJECTIVE In glioblastoma (GBM) patients, controlling the microenvironment around tumor using various treatment modalities, including surgical intervention, is essential in determining outcome of treatment. This study was conducted to elucidate whether recurrence patterns differ according extent resection (EOR) and this difference affects prognosis. METHODS single-center included 358 e...

introduction: bone regeneration grafts (brg) are widely used in the treatment of osseous defects and oral surgery. the various techniques and associated success rates of bone augmentation require evaluation by systematic review and meta-analysis of eligible studies. the aim of this systematic review was to compare alveolar bone regeneration in humans using bio-oss and autogenous bone graft. mat...

Maximum likelihood estimation of phylogenetic trees from nucleotide sequences is completely consistent when nucleotide substitution is governed by the general time reversible (GTR) model with rates that vary over sites according to the invariable sites plus gamma (I + gamma) distribution.

A method is developed for manually constructing recurrent artificial neural networks to model the fusion of experimental data and mathematical models of physical systems. The construction requires the use of Generalized Tikhonov Regularization (GTR) and imposing certain constraints on the values of the input, bias, and output weights. The attribution of certain roles to each of these parameters...

MOTIVATION The general-time-reversible (GTR) model is one of the most popular models of nucleotide substitution because it constitutes a good trade-off between mathematical tractability and biological reality. However, when it is applied for inferring evolutionary distances and/or instantaneous rate matrices, the GTR model seems more prone to inapplicability than more restrictive time-reversibl...