Mutations of the segment polarity group in Drosophila melanogaster produce additional denticles with reversed polarity in every segment of the larval cuticle. We have investigated the effect of mutations in different elements of the bithorax complex on the segmental identity of these additional pattern elements. Our results suggest that they are derived, primarily, from the anterior compartment...

The success of medical therapies may depend on the type of stone. Knowledge of stone composition often dictates the course of treatment followed by the urologist [5,8]. It can shed some light on the nature of stone formation and identify metabolic abnormalities and underlying medical conditions [9]. Stone composition may thus provide the critical insights needed to devise targeted preventative ...

The etiology of stone disease remains unknown despite the major technological advances in the treatment of urinary calculi. Clinically, urologists have relied on 24-h urine collections for the last 30-40 years to help direct medical therapy in hopes of reducing stone recurrence; yet little progress has been made in preventing stone disease. As such, there is an urgent need to develop reliable a...

The treatment options for large renal calculi are controversial. We report on our experience with 65 treatments of renal calculi > 3 cm using extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) monotherapy. We stratified our results according to stone and collecting system surface areas (measured by computer image analyses), stone location, and stone type. The overall success rate of SWL monotherapy was...

s/ab002943.htm. 20. Briss PA, Rodewald LE, Hinman AR, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults. Am J Prev Med 2000;18(1S):97–140. 21. Stone EG, Morton SC, Hulscher ME, et al. Interventions that increase use of adult immunization and cancer screening services: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:641–51. 22. Tseng...

Defense against a single predatory attack strategy may best be achieved not by a single trait but by a combination of different traits. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by examining the unique shell traits (the protruded aperture and the denticles within the aperture) of the micro land snail Bensonella plicidens. We artificially altered shell characteristics by removing the denticles an...

lants should be administered to prevent emboliccomplications.WAIFE

BACKGROUND Crystallographic composition of urinary tract stone varies in several chemical groups and determines the degree of fragmentation to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) which has been widely used for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. Visual prediction of stone composition by its morphology from plain radiograph may provide a simple method and clinical hint to decid...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare demographic data in adult patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) for kidney stone disease in university hospitals from Southeastern Anatolia and the Black Sea regions. MATERIAL AND METHODS The demographic data of 535 (53.3%) patients undergoing PNL from Gaziantep University, Department of Urology (GAUN group), and 468 (46.6%) pati...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate possible predictive variables for the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) of renal stones in a single center. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2008 and March 2010, a retrospective review was performed of 115 patients who underwent SWL for solitary renal stones. The patients' characteristics and stone size, location, skin-to-stone distance (...