Transportation in economic systems such as services, production and distribution enjoys a special and important position and provides a significant portion of the country's gross domestic product. Improvements in transportation system mean improvements in the traveling routes and the elimination of unnecessary distances in any system. The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the practical co...

The problem of finding a disconnected cut in a graph is NP-hard in general but polynomial-time solvable on planar graphs. The problem of finding a minimal disconnected cut is also NP-hard but its computational complexity was not known for planar graphs. We show that it is polynomial-time solvable on 3-connected planar graphs but NP-hard for 2-connected planar graphs. Our technique for the first...

Hutto and Myin claim that teleosemantics cannot account for mental content. In their view, accounts a poorer kind of relation between cognitive states the world but lacks theoretical tools to richer kind. We show objection imposes two criteria on theories content: truth-evaluable criterion an intensionality criterion. For go through, must be subject both these fail satisfy them. argue meets is ...

Abstract David Chalmers advocates the view that phenomenon of consciousness is fundamentally different from all other phenomena studied in life sciences, positing a uniquely hard problem precludes possibility mechanistic explanation. In this paper, I evaluate three demarcation criteria for dividing into and easy problems: functional definability, puzzle accompanying phenomenon, first-person dat...