Millions of courses of antibiotics are prescribed for children with acute cough illness each year, despite evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled trials that such treatment is not effective. Evidence that children with cough for <10 days should not be treated with antimicrobial agents is presented. Older children with prolonged cough or those with underlying lung disease may benefit from ...

For each standard affine data satisfying some condition on the coroots, we define a group functor on the category of all rings which is a subgroup of some group functor R 7→ G(R[t, t−1])o T (R), where G is a Chevalley scheme and T is a torus. This functor is then shown to satisfy the conditions of the five axioms required by [Ti4] to be a ‘minimal’ Kac-Moody group.

BACKGROUND Public-private partnerships are felt to be necessary for tuberculosis (TB) control in some developing countries. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential of a collaboration between the National TB Programme (NTP) and private pharmacies in Bolivia, the country with the highest TB incidence in Latin America. METHODS We contacted the local Pharmacists' Association in the city of Cochaba...

An understanding of the timescale of evolution is critical for comparative virology but remains elusive for many RNA viruses. Age estimates based on mutation rates can severely underestimate divergences for ancient viral genes that are evolving under strong purifying selection. Paleoviral dating, however, can provide minimum age estimates for ancient divergence, but few orthologous paleoviruses...