The Shannon theory of cipher systems is combined with recent work on guessing values of random variables. The security of encryption systems is measured in terms of moments of the number of guesses needed for the wiretapper to uncover the plaintext given the cryptogram. While the encrypter aims at maximizing the guessing effort, the wiretapper strives to minimize it, e.g., by ordering guesses a...

A coupling of two distributions PX and PY is a joint distribution PXY with marginal distributions equal to PX and PY . Given marginals PX and PY and a real-valued function f(PXY ) of the joint distribution PXY , what is its minimum over all couplings PXY of PX and PY ? We study the asymptotics of such coupling problems with different f ’s. These include the maximal coupling, minimum distance co...

In the secure communication areas, three-party authenticated key exchange protocol is an important cryptographic technique. In this protocol, two clients will share a human-memorable password with a trusted server, in which two users can generate a secure session key. On the other hand the protocol should resist all types of password guessing attacks. Recently, STPKE’ protocol has been proposed...

We examined whether 2 types of interpolated tasks (i.e., retrieval-practice via free recall or guessing a missing critical item) improved final recognition for related and unrelated word lists relative to restudying or completing a filler task. Both retrieval-practice and guessing tasks improved correct recognition relative to restudy and filler tasks, particularly when study lists were semanti...

Abstract Consider the following experiment: a deck with m copies of n different card types is randomly shuffled, and guesser attempts to guess cards sequentially as they are drawn. Each time made, some amount ‘feedback’ given. For example, one could tell true identity just guessed (the complete feedback model) or be told nothing at all no model). In this paper we explore partial model, where up...

In this paper we propose a novel application of Hidden Markov Models to automatic generation of informative headlines for English texts. We propose four decoding parameters to make the headlines appear more like Headlinese, the language of informative newspaper headlines. We also allow for morphological variation in words between headline and story English. Informal and formal evaluations indic...

You would not be surprised if you opened tomorrow’s newspaper to read: ‘Nurses in plea for action over £115m hospital superbugs.’ But that headline has been published before, in a 1996 edition of the Daily Mail. It accompanied a story about a resolution at RCN congress calling for a nationwide surveillance scheme to monitor antibiotic-resistant infections. Now, with an election looming, the pol...