A series of recent papers shows that it is NP-complete to decide whether an oriented graph admits a homomorphism to the tournament T4 on 4 vertices containing a 4-circuit, each time on a smaller graph class. We improve these results by showing that homomorphism to T4 is NP-complete for bipartite planar subcubic graphs of arbitrarily large fixed girth. We also show that push homomorphism is NP-c...

We give lower bounds on the maximum possible girth of an r-uniform, d-regular hypergraph with at most n vertices, using the definition of a hypergraph cycle due to Berge. These differ from the trivial upper bound by an absolute constant factor (viz., by a factor of between 3/2 + o(1) and 2 + o(1)). We also define a random r-uniform ‘Cayley’ hypergraph on the symmetric group Sn which has girth Ω...

A (δ, g)-cage is a δ-regular graph with girth g and with the least possible number of vertices. In this paper, we show that all (δ, g)-cages with odd girth g ≥ 9 are r-connected, where (r − 1) ≤ δ + √ δ − 2 < r and all (δ, g)-cages with even girth g ≥ 10 are r-connected, where r is the largest integer satisfying r(r−1) 2 4 + 1 + 2r(r − 1) ≤ δ. Those results support a conjecture of Fu, Huang and...

BACKGROUND Numerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy. OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism™ [MET...

Denote by $\mathcal{G}(n,c,g,k)$ the set of all connected graphs order $n$, having $c$ cycles, girth $g$, and $k$ pendant vertices. In this paper, we give a partial characterisation structure those in maximising number induced subgraphs. For special case where $c=1$, find complete maximal unicyclic graphs. We also derive precise formula for corresponding maximum given following parameters: (1) ...

The focus of this paper is on discussion of a catalog of a class of (3, g) graphs for even girth g. A (k, g) graph is a graph with regular degree k and girth g. This catalog is compared with other known lists of (3, g) graphs such as the enumerations of trivalent symmetric graphs and enumerations of trivalent vertex-transitive graphs, to conclude that this catalog has graphs for more orders tha...

A near-polygonal graph is a graph Γ which has a set C of m-cycles for some positive integer m such that each 2-path of Γ is contained in exactly one cycle in C. If m is the girth of Γ , then the graph is called polygonal. We provide a construction of an infinite family of polygonal graphs of arbitrary even girth with 2-arc transitive automorphism groups, showing that there are infinitely many 2...

IT IS WELL KNOWN that in polyeythemia rubra vera the total blood volume increases as the hematocrit level rises beyond approximately 55 per cent.1-2 This increase masks the extent of the polycythemia and insures that the plasma volume is not greatly diminished despite an increase in red cell volume to twice or three times the normal value. The changes in adults suffering from cyanotic congenita...

IT IS WELL KNOWN that in polyeythemia rubra vera the total blood volume increases as the hematocrit level rises beyond approximately 55 per cent.1-2 This increase masks the extent of the polycythemia and insures that the plasma volume is not greatly diminished despite an increase in red cell volume to twice or three times the normal value. The changes in adults suffering from cyanotic congenita...

LDPC codes are serious contenders to Turbo codes in terms of decoding performance. One of the main problems is to give an explicit construction of such codes whose Tanner graphs have known girth. For a prime power q and m ≥ 2, Lazebnik and Ustimenko construct a q-regular bipartite graph D(m, q) on 2qm vertices, which has girth at least 2dm/2e+ 4. We regard these graphs as Tanner graphs of binar...