Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one major causes death worldwide. These diseases could be quickly detected by changes in sound created action heart. This dynamic auscultations need extensive professional knowledge and emphasis on listening skills. There is also an unmet requirement for a compact cardiac condition early warning device. In this paper, we propose prototype digital stetho...

The purpose of this study was to assess the differences in the diastolic pulsations and sounds at the cardiac apex when examining the heart in the supine and left lateral positions. Fifty-eight patients with an atrial gallop and/or third heart sound were examined in the two positions by the techniques of apex cardiography and phonocardiography. In nearly all cases the amplitudes of the apical d...

Huckleberry Finn is one of Mark Twain’s outstanding masterpieces. Superficially, it tells a story about a 13 or 14 year old boy’s adventures with Negro Jim on the Mississippi river. In fact, it reflects the growth process of Huck through adventures. His growth is embodied by his choice on independence, his change of attitude towards Jim, his moral growth, and the different social roles he plays...

The fourth heart sound consists of low frequency vibrations which are heard in presystole during sinus rhythm. Fourth heart sounds have been described during various phases of diastole in subjects with ventricular pacemakers, by virtue of complete atrioventricular dissociation and/or block.’ Although such sounds are commonly heard during diastole, there has not been adequate emphasis on their o...

Cardiac auscultation is highly subjective and a cognitive process and the amount information that can be obtained by listening heart sounds largely depends on the expertise, experience and acuity of the ear of the physician. In general, the classification and interpretation of heart sounds and murmurs is based on a adjective 0-6/6 grade scale and described by using “faint”, “soft”, “loud”, “ hi...

This study presents a technique for separation of Heart Sound Signal (HSS) from Lung Sound Signal (LSS) using Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) with Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm with real time recorded sound signal. While recording lung sounds, an incessant noise source takes place owing to heart sounds. This noise source severely contaminates the breath sound signal and interferes in the analy...

Although the third heart sound (S3) is well recognized as an important sign in the evaluation of patients with congestive heart failure, the interobserver variability with its observation needs to be known before general applicability can be determined. Therefore, we determined the agreement among four trained observers on the presence of S3 in 81 hospitalized patients. Agreement between pairs ...