In this study, we demonstrated that the 40-kDa outer membrane protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis (40-kDa OMP) nasally administered with a nontoxic chimeric adjuvant that combines the A subunit of mutant cholera toxin E112K with the pentameric B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (mCTA/LTB) elicited a long-term protective immune response. Immunization with ...

Immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS) conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) (Pnc-TT) elicits protective immunity in an adult murine pneumococcal infection model. To assess immunogenicity and protective immunity in early life, neonatal (1 week old) and infant (3 weeks old) mice were immunized intranasally (i.n.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) with Pnc-TT of serotype 1 (Pnc1-TT). Anti-PPS-1 ...

Three simple immunological tests, the modified Elek (Biken) test, the modified staphylococcal coagglutination test, and the rapid GM1-horseradish peroxidase-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been evaluated for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Of the 100 coded E. coli strains tested, 94 gave consistent results with all the three immunological tests; ...

An 83-year-old male presented with chronic diarrhea and protein malnutrition associated with Plesiomonas shigelloides overgrowth in the small intestine. This overgrowth was related to achlorhydria and small-bowel diverticula. Tests for heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin were negative on the P. shigelloides isolated from both the small bowel aspirate (3 x 10(8) bacteria per ml) and the pati...

Ten out of 18 babies at risk developed enteritis in an outbreak in a special-care baby unit. Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli belonging to the traditional infantile enteropathogenic serogroups were not found in faeces from the babies and the staff, and no virus particles were found by electron microscopy. Detailed serotyping of E. coli showed that five of the 10 babies with diarrhoea ...

Transcutaneous immunization (TCI) capitalizes on the accessibility and immunocompetence of the skin, elicits protective immunity, simplifies vaccine delivery, and may be particularly advantageous when frequent boosting is required. In this study we examined the potential of TCI to boost preexisting immune responses to diphtheria in mice. The cross-reacting material (CRM(197)) of diphtheria toxi...