The effect of heating and cooling on heart rate in the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus was studied in response to different heat transfer mechanisms and heat loads. Three heating treatments were investigated. C. porosus were: (1) exposed to a radiant heat source under dry conditions; (2) heated via radiant energy while half-submerged in flowing water at 23 degrees C and (3) heated via co...

temperature and humidity are two important parameters affecting the quality and quantity of greenhouse products so two double greenhouses were manufactured in 3.5, 40 and 11 m in height, length and width respectively in agricultural research center of jiroft and kahnooj to study these effects. both of greenhouses are similar in materials, final height, gutter height, covering and field operatio...

Recent X-ray and optical observations of the Perseus cluster indicate that the viscous and conductive dissipation of sound waves is the mechanism responsible for heating the intracluster medium and thus balancing radiative cooling of cluster cores. We discuss this mechanism more generally and show how the specific heating and cooling rates vary with temperature and radius. It appears that the h...

Fig. 2: Illustration of the shift distance of the water peaks between 23.5 and 39.5 °C (0.095 ppm) adjusted by Cr/PCr at 3.02 ppm as temperature independent reference. Due to the excessive intensity of water the other resonances were presented with a magnification factor of 1500. Fig. 3: Correlation between temperature and chemical shift distance of the H2O signal compared to tCho (a) and Cr/PC...

In this paper, we predict the aging of the PCR thermocycler by analyzing the heating and cooling rates of the PCR thermocycler. Two kinds of methods were applied to calculate the rise times of the heating and cooling protocol sections that were inversely related to the heating or cooling rates. The temporal changes of the rise times were investigated over several months. For three thermal cycle...

We use hydrodynamical simulations to assess the impact of radiative cooling and ‘pre-heating’ on predictions for the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect. We find that cooling significantly reduces both the mean SZ signal and its angular power spectrum. Pre-heating can give a higher mean distortion, while leaving the angular power spectrum below that found in a simulation without heating or cooling. ...

– We discuss a laser cooling scheme for trapped atoms or ions which is based on double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and makes use of a four-level atom in tripod configuration. The additional fourth atomic state is coupled by a strong coupling laser field to the usual three-level setup of single-EIT cooling. This effectively allows to create two EIT structures in the absorption...

We have performed numerical calculations to study the generation of arbitrary temperature profiles with high spatial resolution on the surface of a solid. The characteristics of steady-state distributions and time-dependent heating and cooling cycles are examined, as well as their dependence on material properties and device geometry. Ideally, low-power consumption and fast response times are d...

Abundant evidence indicates that tropospheric specific humidity increases in a warmer atmosphere, at rates roughly comparable to those at constant relative humidity. While the implications for the planetary energy budget and global warming are well recognised, it is the net atmospheric cooling (or surface heating) that controls the hydrologic cycle. Relative humidity influences this directly th...

Abundant evidence indicates that tropospheric specific humidity increases in a warmer atmosphere, at rates roughly comparable to those at constant relative humidity. While the implications for the planetary energy budget and global warming are well recognized, it is the net atmospheric cooling (or surface heating) that controls the hydrologic cycle. Relative humidity influences this directly th...