Recent experiments with ultracold neutral plasmas show an intrinsic heating effect based on the development of spatial correlations, which has been termed " correlation heating ". We investigate whether this effect can be reversed, so that imposing strong spatial correlations could in fact lead to cooling. We find that cooling is indeed possible. It requires, however, a very precise preparation...

Recent observations by Chandra and XMM-Newton demonstrate that the central gas in "cooling flow" galaxy clusters has a mass cooling rate that decreases rapidly with decreasing temperature. This contrasts the predictions of a steady state cooling flow model. On the basis of these observational results, the gas can be in a steady state only if a steady temperature dependent heating mechanism is p...

Temperature Classifications..................................................... 12.1 CLOSED WATER SYSTEMS.................................................... 12.2 Method of Design ..................................................................... 12.2 Thermal Components ............................................................... 12.2 Hydraulic Components ...................................

U S hramm z, T S hatz x, M Bussmann, D Habs Sektion Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit at M un hen, D-85748 Gar hing, Germany E-mail: ulri h.s hramm physik.uni-muen hen.de Abstra t. The rystallization of ion beams has re ently been established in the rf quadrupole storage ring Pallas for laserooled 24Mg+ ion beams at an energy of about 1 eV. Yet, unexpe tedly sharp onstraints had to be met...

The purposes of this study were to assess the expression patterns of heat shock proteins (Hsps), after eyeball heating or cooling, and to elucidate their relationships with corneal wound healing and intraocular complications after excimer laser treatment. Experimental mice were grouped into three according to local pretreatment type: heating, cooling, and control groups. The preconditioning was...

Being able to heat and cool the absorption cell of a spectrometer has many benefits. Cooling simplifies the spectrum of the gas in the cell by freezing out rotational and vibrational motion of the gas molecules, while heating increases the population of the excited ro-vibrational states. We designed and prototyped a heating and cooling system for the absorption cell of the FASSST spectrometer [...

Climate change affects the demand for energy consumption, especially for heating and cooling buildings. Using daily mean temperature (Tmean) data, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of the starting date for heating (HS), ending date for heating (HE), length (HL) and heating degree day (HDD) of the heating season in central heating zone of China. Over China's central heating zone, re...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of skin cooling and heating on the heart rate (HR) control by the arterial baroreflex in humans. The subjects were 15 healthy men who underwent whole body thermal stress (esophageal temperatures, approximately 36.8 and approximately 37.0 degrees C; mean skin temperatures, approximately 26.4 and approximately 37.7 degrees C, in skin cooling an...