Image deraining is a low-level restoration task that has become quite popular during the past decades. Although recent data-driven models exhibit promising results, most of these are trained on synthetic rain data sets which do not generalize well when applied to real images. While real-rain have achieved favorable generalization performance, generating rain-free ground-truths can be tedious an...

Short Title: Spatial-Temporal Statistics of Rain. Abstract Rain rate near the ground can be interpreted as a collection of random variables forming a random field parameterised by three coordinates: two spatial coordinates and one temporal. Interest among the radio propagation community has been focused on the first order statistics of these random variables, principally on the average annual p...

By definition, steady rain should have a nearly constant rainfall rate. Thus far, however, the criteria for determining when rain is steady remain qualitative and arbitrary. The authors suggest a definition for steadiness that can be used to quantify the elusive notion of natural variability. In particular, the logical criteria for steadiness imply statistical stationarity and lack of correlati...

The visual effects of rain are complex. Rain removal is a very useful technique in applications such as security surveillance, video editing, vision based navigation, and video indexing/retrieval. Rain produces sharp intensity variation in images and videos, which put down the performance of outdoor vision systems. These intensity variations depend on different parameters, such as the camera pr...

Accurate rain estimation from radar measurements has been a difficult task due to the variation of raindrop size distribution (DSD), lack of accurate axis ratio model, measurement error, clutter, and so forth. Previously, rain estimation from weather radars has been largely dependent upon empirical relations such as R-Z relations. The development of polarimetric radar makes accurate rain DSD re...

Satellite remote sensing of rain is important for quantifying the hydrological cycle, atmospheric energy budget, and cloud and precipitation processes; however, radar retrievals of rain rate are sensitive to assumptions about the raindrop size distribution. The upcoming EarthCARE satellite will feature a 94 GHz Doppler radar alongside lidar and radiometer instruments, presenting opportunities f...

The primary mission of the SeaWinds scatterometer on the QuikSCAT satellite is to infer surface wind vector from ocean backscatter measurements. Occasionally the backscatter measurements are contaminated by the presence of rain; therefore a reliable method of identifying rain is needed. Fortunately, the SeaWinds scatterometer simultaneously obtains active (scattering) and passive (emission) mea...

ecological study of behavior as essential elements of their ecosystems and habitat characteristics in order to find appropriate solutions to maintain, revise and revitalize this important part of the renewable natural resources. this present research is about autecology of lagochilus macracanthus fisch. & c. a. mey. study area is located in near of nodooshan, yazd, iran. selected sites were wit...

conclusions polypharmacy as an independent variable has been linked to falls in older people, however there appears to be a stronger link between falls and the type of medications taken (e.g. medications known to increase risk of falls), rather than polypharmacy on its own. polypharmacy can sometimes be therapeutic and it may be more beneficial to consider terms such as ‘inappropriate prescribi...

Rain over the oceans causes attenuation of communication and radar signals for satellites and backscatter to satellite radars. To determine the attenuation and backscatter, one must know the height of the rain in a storm, and must be able to find it from a satellite measurement likely to be available. Microwave radiometers on satellites can provide estimates of rain rates, and therefore relatin...