Differences in sex pheromone component can lead to reproductive isolation. The sibling noctuid species, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, share the same two sex pheromone components, Z9-16:Ald and Z11-16:Ald, but in opposite ratios, providing an typical example of such reproductive isolation. To investigate how the ratios of the pheromone components are differently regulated in the ...

Study and research of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic plants have opened new ways to combat insect pests. Over the decades, however, insect pests, especially the Lepidopteran, have developed tolerance against Bt delta-endotoxins. Such issues can be addressed through the development of novel toxins with greater toxicity and affinity against a broad range of insect receptors. In this compu...

definitive diagnosis of brucellosis is made by isolation of the causative agents, which is a timeconsumingprocedure. to evaluate the efficacy of dot-elisa for detecting brucellae in clinical samples, 94different specimens taken from animal origin were cultured on brucella selective culture media and colonieswere identified biochemically. the specimens were also examined after centrifugation by ...

Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops play an increasing role in pest control, and resistance management is a major issue in large-scale cultivation of Bt crops. The fitness cost of resistance in targeted pests is considered to be one of the main factors delaying resistance when using the refuge strategy. By comparing 10 resistant Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) strains, showing various re...

A cadherin-like protein has been identified as a putative receptor for Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry1Ac toxin in Helicoverpa armigera and plays a key role in Bt insecticidal action. In this study, we produced a fragment from this H. armigera Cry1Ac toxin-binding cadherin that included the predicted toxin-binding region. Binding of Cry1Ac toxin to this cadherin fragment facilitated the formati...

The assembly of monomeric protein subunits into a viral capsid is a finely tuned molecular process. In response to subtle changes in environmental conditions, this supramolecular complex can dramatically reorganize. Defining the forces that control this structure and the cooperative action of subunits has implications for biology and nanotechnology. The small icosahedral RNA tetravirus family m...

conclusions current study revealed that a. flavus was the most common isolated pathogen. moreover, a. fumigatus was the second common isolated pathogen in patients with ifs. additionally, the hospital construction was an important environmental risk factor for acquisition of infection in patients with hematological malignancy. the most common season for ifs incidence was summer. additionally, t...

Several plant characters are known to affect the searching behaviour and parasitization efficiency of Trichogramma spp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). In this study, plant characters contributing to the low Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg parasitism levels on pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh) were investigated. The efficiency of T. chilonis on pigeonpea was...