1373 6. Breitfeld D, Ohl L, Kremmer E, et al. Follicular B helper T cells express CXC chemokine receptor 5, localize to B cell follicles, and support immunoglobulin production. cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells. chemokine receptor 5 expression defines follicular homing T cells with B cell helper function. Avery DT et al. Cytokine-mediate...

common variable immunodeficiency (cvid) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody deficiency, characterized by reduced serum immunoglobulins levels and increased susceptibility to recurrent pyogenic infections. in this study, we evaluated cd40 ligand expression on stimulated versus unstimulated t-helper lymphocytes of nine common variable immunodeficient patients in comparison with fiftee...

Lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell (WBC) in immune system. Lymphocytes contain T cells, natural killer cells , and B cells. They are the head type of cell found in lymph, which for this reason the name "lymphocyte". Lymphocytes can be recognized by their large nucleus. Infiltration of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) helps the start of chronic pain. ...

Following thymic output, αβ⁺CD4⁺ T cells become activated in the periphery when they encounter peptide-major histocompatibility complex. A combination of cytokine and co-stimulatory signals instructs the differentiation of T cells into various lineages and subsequent expansion and contraction during an appropriate and protective immune response. Our understanding of the events leading to T-cell...

The proportions and absolute numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells in 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 22 control subjects were determined, using the monoclonal antibodies OKT 4 and OKT 8. There were no significant differences in helper or suppressor cell proportions among 15 steroid treated patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, 10 patients with inactive inflammator...

T lymphocytes participate in many immunologic functions. For example, they may become cytotoxic cells (Tc), ~ exert helper (TH) or suppressor (Ts) effects on antibody production, or trigger the inflammatory response of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) (TD). Recently, it has been demonstrated (1, 2) that some of the T cells involved in these functions may be characterized by their cell surfac...

Antigen-specific T helper cells present in peripheral blood at very low frequencies are capable of rapid clonal expansion during antigenic challenge. The exquisite specificity of this response provides for activation and expansion of a very select cohort of T cells, a feature we have used to directly identify and quantify human epitope-specific T helper cells from peripheral blood. Soluble tetr...

The T helper cell subsets Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg play an important role in immune cell homeostasis, in host defense, and in immunological disorders. Recently, much attention has been paid to Th17 cells which seem to play an important role in the early phase of the adoptive immune response and autoimmune disease. When generating Th17 cells under in vitro conditions the amount of IL-17A produci...