Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can both self renew and differentiate into precursors of all types of blood cells. HSCs are divided into an active pool and a quiescent reserve. Cells selected for the active pool contribute to hematopoiesis for many years. Mutations in HSCs can lead to neoplasms such as chronic myeloid leukemia, although the risk of neoplastic HSC disorders varies across mammals...

The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak-Stat) pathway stands as a paradigm of how diverse extracellular signals can elicit rapid changes in gene expression in specific target cells. This pathway is widely used by members of the cytokine receptor superfamily, including those for the clinically important cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), erythr...

The spleen has the same relationship to the circulatory system that the lymph nodes have to the lymphatic system. A wide range of diseases can affect the spleen. Pathologic conditions of the spleen can be classified into the following categories: congenital diseases (accessory spleen, polysplenia, and asplenia); trauma; inflammation (abscess, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, and sarcoidosis); vascu...

GATA transcription factors are zinc finger DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription during development and cell differentiation. The three important GATA transcription factors GATA1, GATA2 and GATA3 play essential roles in the development and maintenance of hematopoietic systems. GATA1 is required for the erythroid and megakaryocytic commitment during hematopoiesis. GATA2 is crucial for...

Hemoglobinopathy refers to a disease involving qualitative or quantitative defect of the structure synthesis haemoglobin molecules. The HaemoglobinS- beta thalassemia occurs in heterozygotes individual with beta-thalassemia and HaemoglobinS gene. A 29-year-old man came severe anemia, thrombocytopenia, history repeated blood transfusions. Physical examination showed pale conjunctiva, pansystolic...

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can both self renew and differentiate into precursors of all types of blood cells. HSCs are divided into an active pool and a quiescent reserve. Cells selected for the active pool contribute to hematopoiesis for many years. Mutations in HSCs can lead to neoplasms such as chronic myeloid leukemia, although the risk of neoplastic HSC disorders varies across mammals...

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic, ineffective, clonal and neoplastic hematopoiesis. MDS represent a complex hematological problem: differences in disease presentation, progression and outcome have necessitated the use of classification systems to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment selection. However, since a single ...

Macrophages are a well recognized player of both innate and adaptive immunity and have emerged as a key regulator of systemicmetabolism, hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, malignancy, and reproduction. Such pleiotropic roles of macrophages are mirrored by their protean features. Upon environmental. challenges, macrophages redistribute and differentiate in situ and contribute to the multi...

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that requires specific set of blood components to function properly. Blood diseases can result from imbalances or deficiencies in these components. The body has physiological sensors respond environmental changes by maintaining elemental homeostasis. A deficiency one micronutrient lead others. purpose this study was investigate the role and interaction copper,...

Objective: The thyroid gland has a very important role in hematopoiesis. Blood disorders are frequently seen patients with dysfunction and anemia is more common them. Thyroid hormones directly affect blood parameters by stimulating erythrocyte precursors indirectly enhancing erythropoietin production. present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on different hematologica...