Alphaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. Many alphaviruses are neurotropic, being able to produce encephalitis in humans and animals. Among alphaviruses, both Semliki Forest (SFV) and Sindbis virus (SIN) have been extensively studied as models of viral pathogenicity. In mice, SFV and SIN can infect neurons in the central nervous system and virulent strains induce...

References 1. Stapleton JT, Bukh J, Muerhoff AS, Foung S, Simmonds P. Assignment of human, simian and bat pegiviruses (previously described as GBV-A, GBV-C, and GBV-D) as members of a new genus (Pegivirus) within the Flaviviridae [cited 2015 Oct 21]. http://www.ictvonline.org/proposals/2012.011a-dV.A.v2. Pegivirus.pdf 2. Thézé J, Lowes S, Parker J, Pybus OG. Evolutionary and phylogenetic analys...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified in 1989 as an enveloped virus with a 9.6-kb single-stranded RNA genome and a member of the Flaviridae family, genus Hepacivirus. It is characterized by a high spontaneous mutation rate with an estimated frequency of 1.4–1.9 × 103 mutations per nucleotide per year (1, 2). As a result, HCV exists as a heterogeneous group of viruses, sharing approximately 70%...

Introduction. Hepatitis C is a liver disease with high chronicity, the cause of cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The main obstacle to controlling hepatitis lack vaccines.
 aim work was compare immunogenic activity nonstructural recombinant proteins NS3, NS4 NS5B virus (HCV) as components subunit candidate vaccine analyze adjuvant properties two available commercial drugs, polymuramil pyrogen...

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a member of the Hepacivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae. Other important pathogens for humans, such as the dengue virus and the yellow fever virus, belong to this family, as do infectious agents in animals, such as the bovine viral diarrhea virus and the classical swine flu virus. The shape of HCV is spherical (50 nm in diameter), and it has an enveloped nucl...

word count: 230 Text Word count: 3520 Molecular Hepatitis and Hepatitis Viruses Sections, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. 2 Current address: Gastroenterology,Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science,Kanazawa,Japan Corresponding author: Dr. Suzanne U. Emerson, Molecular Hepatitis...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection presents severe health problem worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. HCV is a major cause of chronic liver disease and various associated metabolic disorders, affecting approximately 170 million people worldwide. HCV has been categorized into different genotypes on the basis of atleast 67% similarity of nucleotide sequences. It is very imperative...