Advanced research light sources, such as free-electron lasers, require ultra-precise and long x-ray mirrors that provide high reflectivity, high flux and a wide wavelength range. An X-ray mirror is a combination of a substrate and a coating. The demand for large mirrors has increased during the last few years, since surface finishing technology is able to process longer substrate lengths on the...

The idea of using light as a weapon can be traced back to Hippocrates, commander of the Greek forces in 212 B.C. His forces supposedly set fire to the sails of the Roman fleet by focusing sunlight with mirrors. Weapons systems based on lasers and “ray guns,” long a staple of science fiction, have captured the imagination of people everywhere. But with steady progress toward the development of l...

We have proposed a new method of generating highly polarized positrons through Compton scattering of polarized laser lights o! relativistic electron beams and successive pair creation. To realize high-luminosity laser}electron collisions, we constructed a specially designed chamber which equips o!-axis parabolic mirrors with a through hole at the center. This mirror achieves strong focusing of ...

Deformable mirrors (DMs) are widely used in high-power laser systems to improve the output beam quality. However, under irradiation, heat accumulates on DM mirror surface and results induced distortions (LID), which will degrade wavefront correction performance of DM. In order suppress negative impact LID DM’s performance, we introduce dual magnetic connection (DDM), base connected by two-layer...

low-power lasers are a group of lasers with a power less than 500 mw and unlike high-power lasers they have no effect on tissue temperature; they produce light-dependent chemical reactions in tissues. the purpose of this study was to review the clinical applications of these lasers and their success rate in different studies in orofacial pains. the articles with the key word “low level laser th...

We report on a compact, ultrahigh-vacuum compatible optical assembly to create large-scale, two-dimensional lattices for use in experiments with ultracold atoms. The consists of an octagon-shaped spacer made from ultra-low-expansion glass, which we optically contact four fused silica cavity mirrors, making it highly mechanically and thermally stable. mirror surfaces are nearly plane-parallel, a...

This Letter reports on an optical pumping scheme, termed resonant pumping, for an erbium-doped distributed feedback (DFB) waveguide laser. The scheme uses two mirrors on either side of the DFB laser, forming a pump cavity that recirculates the unabsorbed pump light. Symmetric distributed Bragg reflectors are used as the mirrors and are designed by matching the external and internal quality fact...

Current conveyors are unity gain analog building block having high linearity, wide dynamic range and provide higher gain-bandwidth product. The current conveyors operate at low voltage supplies and consume less power. It has high input impedance, low output impedance and unity current gain (Iz/Ix=±1) as well as unity voltage gain (Vx/Vy=1). The working principle of Current Conveyors is very sim...