Part 1 of this article outlined the extensive osseous adaptations around the hip that occurred in the development of a habitual bipedal gait in modern humans. The shortest summary of these osseous changes is 'double extension', i.e. extension of both the hip joint and the lumbar spine. Not surprisingly, these osseous changes went hand in hand with major muscular changes. The primary changes tha...

Rhythmic Gymnastics (RG) is a competitive sport that due to its aesthetic and technical requirements makes athletes seek to maximize their technical performance. Elements inherent to the sport are based on movements of hip extension, flexion and abduction, which explain the need for producing considerable levels of strength in different muscle lengths and speeds. The aim of the study was to eva...

Five patients with symptomatic knee hyperextension thrusting patterns due to posterolateral ligament complex injury underwent gait analysis before and after a gait retraining program. Patients were trained to avoid knee hyperextension by 1) walking with their knees slightly flexed throughout stance, 2) maintaining ankle dorsiflexion in early stance, and 3) maintaining an erect trunk-hip attitud...

BACKGROUND We quantified age-related decreases in the ability of female participants to generate whole leg movements about the hip. METHODS We measured maximum hip strength and hip velocity in 12 young and 12 older healthy women. Both capabilities could help fall prevention by contributing to fast leg movements. We also measured maximum velocities as a function of isotonic load. RESULTS You...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of ambulatory training in patients with acetabular dysplasia. To achieve this, we studied the hip joint moment in subjects walking with laterally and horizontally elevated arms and changing speeds as a form of training to strengthen hip joint abductor muscles. We studied eight women with pre- or early stage hip disease (c...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the effect of trunk focused neuromuscular training (TNMT) on hip and knee strength. The hypothesis was that TNMT would increase standing isokinetic hip abduction, but not knee flexion/extension, strength. METHODS 21 high-school female volleyball players (14 TMNT, mean age 15.4 (1.4) years, weight 170.5 (5.0) cm, height 64.1 (8.5) kg and 7 controls, mea...

The pathogenesis of Perthes' disease has been related to increased intra-articular pressure secondary to a joint effusion. The pressure within the hip in different positions was measured in eight children with transient synovitis and four with the synovial stage of Perthes' disease. In the position of comfort for the hip this pressure was always less than the arteriolar blood pressure and in a ...

BACKGROUND Sound transmission is used in the diagnosis of hip dysplasia since the end of the 80's. Aim of this study is to quantify the validity and reliability of electroacoustic probe for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia in neonates. METHODS Diagnostic study included neonates aged 4-28 days, whose parents signed an informed consent. The probe was used three times for comparative sound transmi...

The motor nerve of the bi-articular rectus femoris muscle is generally split from the femoral nerve trunk into two sub-branches just before it reaches the distal and proximal regions of the muscle. In this study, we examined whether the regional difference in muscle activities exists within the human rectus femoris muscle during maximal voluntary isometric contractions of knee extension and hip...

OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to assess the safety and potential efficacy of intra-articular non-animal stabilised hyaluronic acid (NASHA) in patients with hip OA. METHODS This was a prospective, open-label, 3-month pilot study of a single intra-articular injection of NASHA in 31 patients. Safety outcomes were measured at 2 weeks and 3 months after treatment, as were efficacy measureme...