Histogram-based image segmentation is one of the simplest and most often used segmentation techniques. It uses the histogram to select the gray levels for grouping pixels into regions. In a simple image there are two entities: the background and the object. The background is generally one gray level and occupies most of the image. Therefore, its gray level is a large peak in the histogram. The ...

This work proposes a reversible data hiding algorithm that is based on the median difference histogram. The method divides the cover image into non-overlapping identical blocks. In each block, the median pixel is selected to calculate absolute differences between the median pixel value and the values of the other pixels. Then, these differences are used to generate a histogram and the histogram...

Most of the image compression techniques currently available were designed mainly with the aim of compressing continuous-tone natural images. However, if this assumption is not verified, such as in the case of histogram sparseness, a degradation in compression performance may occur. In this paper, we analyze the impact of histogram sparseness in three state-of-the-art lossless image compression...

This paper has discuss the various techniques for image enhancement i.e histogram equalization, Brightness preserving bi-histogram equalization(BBHE), Dualistic Sub-Image Histogram Equalization (DSIHE), Minimum Mean Brightness Error Bi-HE Method (MMBEBHE), Recursive Mean –Separate HE Method (RMSHE),Mean brightness preserving histogram equalization(MBPHE).As well as it represents the comparison ...

The pixel-value differencing (PVD) steganography can embed a large amount of secret bits into a still image with high imperceptibility as it makes use of the characteristics of human vision sensitivity. However, a loophole exists in the PVD method. Unusual steps in the histogram of pixel differences reveal the presence of a secret message. An analyst can even estimate the length of hidden bits ...

Stimulus response latency is the delay between stimulus onset and the evoked modulation in neural activity. A common technique to estimate latencies involves binning the spike arrival times to form a peri-stimulus histogram. This histogram is smoothed using a fixed bandwidth. The estimated latency is the first time following stimulus onset in which the smoothed histogram exceeds the midpoint be...

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) to predict successful embryo development in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied 28 patients undergoing IVF treatment, using 3D ultrasound Sono automatic volume calculation (AVC) and a 3...

We develop reconfigurable mesh (RMESH) algorithms for window broadcasting, data shifts, and consecutive sum. These are then used to develop efficient algorithms to compute the histogram of an image and to perform histogram modification. The histogram of an N×N image is computed by an N×N RMESH in O (√ B log√ B (N/√ B ) for B < N, Ο(√ N ) for B = N, and Ο(√ B ) for B > N. B is the number of gray...

Histogram equalization (HE) is widely used for contrast enhancement. However, it tends to change the brightness of an image and hence, not suitable for consumer electronic products, where preserving the original brightness is essential to avoid annoying artifacts. Bi-histogram equalization (BBHE) has been proposed and analyzed mathematically that it can preserve the original brightness to a cer...

Selecting a threshold from the gradient histogram, a histogram of gradient magnitudes, of an image plays a crucial role in a gradient based edge detection system. This paper presents a methodology to determine the threshold from a gradient histogram generated using any kind of linear gradient operator on an image. We consider the image as a random process with dependent samples, model the gradi...