The hold-up problem is a key concern in contemporary contract theory, and finding solutions to this can enhance transactional efficiency facilitate the development of corporate careers. emergence identity economics offers fresh insights into understanding predicting decision-making behaviors individuals or groups. This article begins by examining relevant literature on group subsequently review...

We present a numerical method to compute an optimal maintenance date for the test case of the heated hold-up tank. The system consists of a tank containing a fluid whose level is controlled by three components: two inlet pumps and one outlet valve. A thermal power source heats up the fluid. The failure rates of the components depends on the temperature, the position of the three components moni...

Tissue-engineering of the trachea is called for based on the clinical consequences of airway pathology. Recent years have witnessed various reports from the tissueengineering field including a few cases of clinical patients receiving an engineered airway. Multiple fields have accelerated in parallel with the concept of tissue decellularization, isolation of stem cells and possible insights in t...

In a patent thicket licensing provides a mechanism to either avoid or resolve hold up. We study the choice between ex ante licensing to avoid hold up and ex post licensing to resolve it. Firms’ choice of licensing contract is studied in the context of a patent portfolio race. We show that high expected blocking leads to ex ante licensing while ex post licensing arises if expected blocking is lo...