Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of approp...

Masanori Matsuzaki, Graham C. R. Ellis-Davies, and Haruo Kasai Division of Biophysics, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, and Center for NanoBio Integration, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo; Precursory Research Organization for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology and P...

The effects of spacetime quantization on black hole and big bang/big crunch singularities can be studied using new tools from (2+1)dimensional quantum gravity. I investigate effects of spacetime quantization on singularities of the (2+1)-dimensional BTZ black hole and the (2+1)-dimensional torus universe. Hosoya has considered the BTZ black hole, and using a “quantum generalized affine paramete...

The classical absorption spectrum of visual purple (KSttgen and Abelsdorff, 1896) is the difference in photometric density (log Io/I) at different wave-lengths between a solution in its unbleached and its bleached condition. The reason for this procedure is that extracts of visual purple are not pure but contain other substances which may be colored. The resulting classical subtraction curve is...

Category Learning Atsushi Hashimoto and Haruo Hosoya Department of Computer Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Abstract. Motivated by a neurophysiological experiment on prefrontal cortex, we study a scheme for learning abstract categories. An abstract category represents a set of vectors that are identical to each other modulo substitution, e.g., ’ABAB’, ’BABA’...

The Wiener index is a graph invariant that has found extensive application in chemistry. In addition to that a generating function, which was called the Wiener polynomial, who’s derivate is a q-analog of the Wiener index was defined. In an article, Sagan, Yeh and Zhang in [The Wiener Polynomial of a graph, Int. J. Quantun Chem., 60 (1996), 959969] attained what graph operations do to the Wiene...