background: for the controlling of hospital infectious, keeping hospitals' environmental health in a good condition is of importance. keeping environmental health situation of hospitals in a good condition is very important to control of hospital infectious. a descriptive survey was performed at the all nine hospitals of kermanshah university of medical sciences, iran, in 1998. methods: the dat...

BACKGROUND Undernutrition is common in older hospitalised patients, and routine screening is advocated. It is unclear whether screening tools such as the Birmingham Nutrition Risk (BNR) score and the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) can successfully predict outcome in this patient group. METHODS Consecutive admissions to Medicine for the Elderly assessment wards in Dundee were ass...

BACKGROUND Because of an expected shrinking supply of medical doctors for hospitalist posts, an increased emphasis on efficiency and continuity of care, and the standardization of many medical procedures, the role of hospitalist is increasingly allocated to physician assistants (PAs). PAs are nonphysician clinicians with medical tasks. This study aims to evaluate the effects of substitution of ...

In the past, nurses’ cotton uniforms have been implicated in the spread of microorganisms and this led to the widespread use of disposable plastic aprons. However, plastic is notorious in acquiring static electric charge which is able to attract airborne micro-organisms. In this study, five different types of ordinary and antistatic nurses’ plastic aprons were tested both electrostatically and ...

DO REDUCTIONS IN CLINICAL SERVICE SAVE MONEY? It is common practice for management when faced with financial overspends to combat this by reducing services and closing wards or departments. But does this really save any money? It is a paradox of the present National Health Service that hard working units fall into an efficiency trap. The more work that is done, the more patients who are seen an...

BACKGROUND Renovation of a general medical ward provided an opportunity to study health care facility design as a factor for preventing hospital-acquired infections. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a hospital ward designed with predominantly single rooms was associated with lower event rates of hospital-acquired infection and colonization. METHODS A prospective controlled trial with patient ...

Background and Objectives: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common nosocomial infection encountered in post operative surgical wards. The use of prophylactic antibiotic in clean elective surgical cases is still a subject of controversy to surgeons. The objective of the study is to identify the need for using prophylactic antibiotics in clean surgeries, prevalence of organisms in patien...

One key function of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) is to promote the stability and integrity of the financial system in Hong Kong. There are about 200 authorized institutions (AIs) in Hong Kong, many of which are deposit taking banks. The total assets of AIs as of June 2010 are about HKD 11 trillion, 6 times as large as the latest annual GDP of Hong Kong and about 60% of the total mark...

OBJECTIVES To audit the proportion of drug treatments started on a medical admissions unit that is justified by published evidence, and the proportion for which no justification could be found. METHODS Retrospective review of randomly selected case notes to identify drug treatments started and the problem(s) for which they were prescribed, followed by literature searches. RESULTS A total of...