The role of hot electrons in charging dust grains is investigated a two-temperature hydrogen plasma. A variety particles are introduced into the system and secondary electron emission (SEE) from each has been reported. cylindrical Langmuir probe used for determining plasma parameters Faraday cup connected to an electrometer order measure current. readings confirm SEE observed tungsten low-press...

As the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is becoming a very significant component in residential loads, an accurate and valid model for the PHEV charging demand is the key for load forecast, demand respond, system planning and so forth. As a result, we propose a data driven queuing model for residential PHEV charging demand by performing data analytics on smart meter measurements. The data...

As the number of charging Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) increase, it is crucial to control the charging of PEVs in order to minimize energy generation and transmission costs, and ensure grid stability. In this work, we analyze the equilibrium properties of a natural price-driven charging control game in the distribution grid, between the utility (that sets the time-dependent energy usage pri...

The accumulator can store the energy in high capacity, and the super capacitor can charge and discharge in high power. The mixed power source composed by the accumulator and super capacitor not only has the characteristics for both of them but also meets the high-power requirement of high capacity and peak value. How to perform the equalizing charging for multiple power packs is a emphasis in t...

This study used a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with a Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA to implement Reflex charge control in a dual-axis solar tracking system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The chaos embedded particle swarm optimization method was used to search for the optimum gain constants of the PI controller and the Reflex charging frequency. This scheme not only increases the outp...

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries have been widely used in various kinds of applications, including consumer electronics, green energy systems and electrical vehicles. Since the charging method has a significant influence on the performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries, an intelligent charging algorithm which can properly determine the charging current is essential. In this study, a fuzzy-logi...

Plasma data from the UCSD Auroral Particles Experiments on Applied Technology Satellites 5 and 6 are used to investigate the dynamics of natural charging events. Both eclipse and daylight charging events are considered, and typical responses illustrated by data from specific events. Two different physical processes are found to be involved in the charging process. One of these is straightforwar...

The rapid emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) demands an advanced infrastructure of publicly accessible charging stations that provide efficient charging services. In this paper, we propose a new charging station operation mechanism, the JoAP, which jointly optimizes the EV admission control, pricing, and charging scheduling to maximize the charging station’s profit. More specifically, by intr...

The limited range of electric vehicles (EVs) in combination with the limited capacity of current fast charging infrastructure are both causes for a limited adoption of EVs. In order to reduce the general inconvenience that EV users experience when having to wait for available fast charging stations and to lessen the danger of damaging the infrastructure by overloading it, an efficient coordinat...

The dynamic melting of CuO–coconut oil was addressed in a latent-heat thermal energy storage unit loaded with copper foam. In new design, the is made shell-tube-shaped chamber, which liquid flow hot phase-change material (PCM) allowed to enter chamber from port at bottom and exit top. A fin mounted forward entrance PCM toward solid regions. control equations were solved using finite element met...