We describe a numerical implementation of star formation in disk galaxies, in which the conversion of cooling gas to stars in the multiphase interstellar medium is governed by the rate at which molecular clouds are formed and destroyed. In the model, clouds form from thermally unstable ambient gas and get destroyed by feedback from massive stars and thermal conduction. Feedback in the ambient p...

The rôle of matter circulation between the disk and halo in establishing the volume filling factors of the different ISM phases in the Galactic disk (|z| ≤ 250 pc) is investigated, using a modified version of the threedimensional supernova-driven ISM model of Avillez (2000). We carried out adaptive mesh refinement simulations of the ISM with five supernova rates (in units of the Galactic value)...

Future rocket-nozzle extensions have to be thermally protected by a film of cooling gas. The hot supersonic boundary-layer flow may be fully turbulent despite a strong favorable pressure gradient and strongly cooled walls. In contrast to previous investigations, where a laminar boundary-layer state was considered, the present work deals with the effects of a turbulent flow. The cooling film is ...

The network of interactions between hot gas, cool clouds, massive stars, and stellar remnants used in the chemodynamical modeling of the interstellar medium is investigated for the types of its solutions. In a physically consistent formulation for the energy transfer during condensation, oscillations due to a cyclic switching between condensation and evaporation never occur. A closed-box system...

Heat-treatment, a major method of wood modification for improving dimensional stability and natural durability, has been studied considerably in the scientific literature. This study will focus on the effect of heat-treatment on permeability, an important physical property of wood by subjecting beech samples to two different mediums of hot water and steam, as well as in two buffered hot water o...

Elliptical galaxies are generally luminous sources of X-ray radiation, and contain large amounts of hot, interstellar gas. In the brighter X-ray galaxies, the inferred masses of hot gas are consistent with those expected given the present rates of stellar mass loss. The required rates of heating of the gas are also roughly consistent with those expected from the motions of gas losing stars. X-r...

Soft X-ray spectroscopy of Seyfert 2 galaxies provides perhaps the best method to probe the possible connection between AGN activity and star formation. Obscuration of powerful radiation from the inferred nucleus allows for detailed study of circumnuclear emission regions. And soft X-ray spectroscopy of these regions allows for robust discrimination between warm gas radiatively-driven by the AG...

We study steady, radial gas outtows from galaxies in an eeort to understand the way tenuous and hot gas is transported to large distances away from galaxies. In particular, we obtain solutions for outtow problems and study the outtow topology, the eeects of the galaxy potential (and thus the mass), the size of outtow regions, the eeciency of radiative cooling, and the fate of the cooled gas. Un...

Context. The physics of the coolest phases in the hot intra-cluster medium (ICM) of clusters of galaxies is yet to be fully unveiled. X-ray cavities blown by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) contain enough energy to heat the surrounding gas and stop cooling, but locally blobs or filaments of gas appear to be able to cool to low temperatures of 10 K. In X-rays, however, gas with tempera...

We have observed NGC 1316 (Fornax A) with the ROSAT HRI. In this paper, we present the results of these observations and we complement them with the spectral analysis of the archival PSPC data. The spectral properties suggest the presence of a significant component of thermal X-ray emission (> 60%), amounting to ∼ 10 9 M ⊙ of hot ISM. Within 3 ′ from the nucleus of NGC 1316, the HRI X-ray surfa...