O well-established application of biotechnology is the use of enzymes in detergents. Enzymes are proteins that act as biochemical catalysts and that increase the rate of specific reactions by several orders of magnitude (usually g10). Cells cannot function without enzymes, but under controlled conditions, enzymes can work outside of the cell. This discovery led to the development of a growing n...

Household hazardous waste (HHW) includes waste from a number of household products such as paint, garden pesticides, pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, certain detergents, personal care products, fluorescent tubes, waste oil, heavy metal-containing batteries, wood treated with dangerous substances, waste electronic and electrical equipment and discarded CFC-containing equipment. Data on t...

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity and its potential risk factors and outcomes among the Orang Asli (Temuan) households. Socioeconomic, demographic and food security information of the households and anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of preschoolers (n = 64) were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Food security was assessed us...

BACKGROUND Incense and joss stick are generally used in the world. Most products were made in small household factories. There are many environmental and occupational hazards in these factories. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the workplace environmental and occupational hazards in small household incense and joss stick factories in Roi-Et, Thailand. METHODS Nine small household factories in rural ar...

OBJECTIVE Poor diet quality has been observed in Nova Scotia children and youth, characterized by low intake from the traditional four food groups and a high intake from the Other Foods category. In this study, we addressed how household income and adherence to Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating influenced weight status category in Nova Scotia children and youth. METHODS During the 2005-06...

This study uses heteroskedastic Tobit and Censored Least Absolute Deviations models to examine the impacts of dairy cow ownership on selected outcomes for a sample of 184 households in coastal Kenya. The outcomes examined include gross household cash income, gross non-agricultural income, consumption of dairy products, time allocated to cattlerelated tasks, number of labourers hired and total w...

Since 1984, U.S. dairy producers and milk processors have contributed more than $300 million annually to promotions, with a relatively large share committed to generic advertising programs. Hence, it is very important for farmers, processors, and policy makers to understand the economic impact of generic advertising. This article reports the results of a recent study that used household-level d...

This study evaluates the household food demand patterns among different income sorts in urban and rural areas of Pakistan and estimation of food expenditure and household size elasticities. The different income sorts are the Lower Income Group(≤ 8000), Lower-middle Income Group(800112000), Middle Income Group(12001-18000),Upper-middle Income Group (18001-35000) and Upper Income Group (35000+) P...

the following United Nations websites: household size – www.unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/ sconcerns/housing/housing2.htm (median year for these data from different countries was 1991); density per room – www.unstats.un.org/unsd/ demographic/products/socind/housing.htm;and general population density – www.unstats.un.org/ unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2006/Table03. pdf. Spearman’s correlati...

BACKGROUND There is evidence from 2 previous meta-analyses that interventions to promote poison prevention behaviours are effective in increasing a range of poison prevention practices in households with children. The published meta-analyses compared any intervention against a "usual care or no intervention" which potentially limits the usefulness of the analysis to decision makers. We aim to u...