PURPOSE Intake of specific nutrients has been linked to mental states and various indices of cognitive performance although the effects are often subtle and difficult to interpret. Measurement of so-called objective variables (e.g. reaction times) is often considered to be the gold standard for assessing outcomes in this field of research. It can, however, be argued that data on subjective expe...

As a new development form for evaluating the regional water resources carrying capacity, forewarning regional water resources of their carrying capacities is an important adjustment and control measure for regional water security management. Up to now, most research on this issue have been qualitative analyses, with a lack of quantitative research. For this reason, an index system for forewarni...

Design consistency refers to the conformance of a highway's geometry with driver expectancy. Drivers make fewer errors in the vicinity of geometric features that conform with their expectations. Techniques to evaluate the consistency of a design documented within this report include alignment indices, speed distribution measures, and driver workload. Alignment indices are quantitative measures ...

INTRODUCTION The role of craving in nicotine dependence remains controversial and may be a function of measurement challenges. The current study used behavioral economic approach to test the hypotheses that subjective craving from acute withdrawal and exposure to tobacco cues dynamically increases the relative value of cigarettes. METHODS Using a 2 (1-hr/12-hr deprivation) × 2 (neutral/tobacc...

Based on the HVZ theorem and dilation analyticity of the pseudorelativistic no-pair Jansen-Hess operator, it is shown that for subcritical potential strength (Z ≤ 90) the singular continuous spectrum is absent. The bound is slightly higher (Z ≤ 102) for the Brown-Ravenhall operator whose eigenvalues λ are, by the virial theorem, confined to λ < 2m if Z ≤ 50.

Serial assessments of neurocognitive functioning in athletes with concussion are commonly used for return to play decisions. This study provides reliable change indices (RCIs) for computerized tests from 40 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes that suffered a sports-related concussion. The normative data that resulted from the RCIs and subsequent analyses of differences between improved and not ...

Recently an aboriginal guide was showing a group of tourists around Alberta's renowned HeadSmashed-In Buffalo-Jump, a UNESCO World Heritage Site staffed by First Nations personnel. The guide graphically described how in ancient times the Jill Sullivan buffalo would be driven over the edge of a fifteen meter precipice, to land in a gory heap at the base of the cliff. A diorama showed men and wom...

This article analyses the concept of sufficiency in relation to sustainability and discusses ethical implications for sustainable organisation time place. We identify three foundational conceptualisations related sustainability: (1) a limits model that starts with objective boundaries imposed by biosphere basic human needs; (2) preference treats as subjective inclination moderation defined situ...

Lice are small, wingless, minor ectoparasites of mammals and birds. More than 540&nbsp; blood-sucking lice (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) have been described with each host having its own type of louse, suggesting the cospeciation of the lice species with their host. Among these, two lice species from two different genera infest humans: Pediculus humanus and Phthirus pubis (pubic &ldquo;crab&rdquo; l...