During noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for acute respiratory failure, the patient's comfort may be less important than the efficacy of the treatment. However, mask fit and care are needed to prevent skin damage and air leaks that can dramatically reduce patient tolerance and the efficacy of NIV. Choice of interface is a major determinant of NIV success or failure. The number and types of NIV inte...

In order to use tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) in a safe and effective manner, it is important to understand potential interactions between TGI and the mechanical ventilator that may impact upon gas delivery and carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination. Furthermore, potentially serious complications secondary to insufflation of cool, dry gas directly into the airway and the possibility of tube occlusi...

Two summer outbreaks of humidifier fever (HF) are described in a microprocessor factory (factory A) and a printing factory (factory B). The air in each factory was humidified intermittently and controlled by present humidistats operating to maintain a relative humidity of 45% by an air handler incorporating a spray humidifier in factory A and two ceiling mounted spray humidifiers in factory B. ...

The stability of tunnel is greatly affected by the changes in volume and strength swelling loess caused humidification. Quantitative reflection influence humidification on mechanical model has important engineering significance for design support structures. Based fact that parameters related to are functions water content, content was introduced into classical surrounding rock–support model, a...

The majority of hospitals and home respiratory care companies do not use humidification when delivering oxygen at 4 L/ min or 5 L/min via nasal cannula, based on the recommendations of 2 guidelines.1,2 The American Association for Respiratory Care clinical practice guidelines for oxygen therapy1 indicate that oxygen supplied to adults via nasal cannula at flows 4 L/min does not require humidifi...

We report the successful application of low-melting inorganic salts with protonated cations (e.g. ammonium) as electrolytes in fuel cells operating in the temperature range 100–200 uC, where even with unoptimized electrodes, cell performance is comparable to that of the phosphoric acid fuel cell operating with optimized electrodes in the same temperature range, while open circuit voltages, and ...