Constructed wetlands positioned in the landscape between row crop agriculture and surface waters can be used to intercept tile drainage and serve as agricultural waste water detention basins. A potential exit pathway in constructed wetlands for detained water and possibly NO3 -N is via seepage through and under an earthen berm. The objective of this study was to determine if seepage was an impo...

There is considerable interest in using remote elastostatic deformations to identify the evolving geometry of underground fractures that are forced to propagate by the injection of a high pressure viscous fluid. These so-called hydraulic fractures are used to increase the permeability in oil and gas reservoirs as well as to pre-fracture ore-bodies in preparation for a mining process known as bl...

When water flows through hydraulic turbomachines, the local pressure can become low enough to vaporize the water and create vapor cavities. This phenomenon is called cavitation. When the cavities collapse, shock waves and liquid jets traveling through the inclusions can erode nearby solid surfaces. The collapse of cavitation bubbles has been extensively investigated in the case of a single bubb...

Micropuncture studies were performed in Munich Wistar rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and in normal control rats. Diabetic rats received daily ultralente insulin to maintain moderate hyperglycemia (approximately 300 mg/dl). Group 1 diabetic rats studied after routine micropuncture preparation exhibited elevation of the single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) due to increases in...

A river fishway is a hydraulic structure enabling fish to overcome stream obstructions such as dams in hydroelectric power plants. The main aim of this paper is to present an application of mathematical modeling and optimal control theory to an ecological engineering problem related to preserve and enhance natural stocks of fish migrating between saltwater and freshwater. Particularly, we impro...

Building of Dam from thousands of years BC was known, and the humans with use of them alwaystry to preserve and utilize surface water resources, but sedimentation problem always is the mostimportant factor in shortening the useful life of dams , and a lot of reservoirs were filled by sedimentsdue to this process and therefore most of dams have been abandoned. One of the most importantphenomena ...

The segregated flow pattern, which occurs in a 26.1 mm diameter, horizontal, stainless steel test section, is investigated. Pressure gradient and in situ phase distribution data were obtained for different combinations of phase superficial velocities ranging from 0.05 m·s 1 to 0.96 m·s . For the current small Eötvös number liquid-liquid system (EoD 4.77), the dominant effect of interfacial tens...

Abstract Suffusion is the phenomenon responsible for internal erosion, and process by which finer soil particles are moved through constrictions between larger seepage forces. Generally, gap-graded known to be susceptible suffusion. Meanwhile, suffusion of well-graded silty sand resulting behavior not well understood. Moreover, previous researches on laboratory tests focused study critical hydr...

Understanding biomolecular gradients and their role in biological processes is essential for fully comprehending the underlying mechanisms of cells in living tissue. Conventional in vitro gradient-generating methods are unpredictable and difficult to characterize, owing to temporal and spatial fluctuations. The field of microfluidics enables complex user-defined gradients to be generated based ...

Compacted soil has lower water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity, which contributes to increased runoff and erosion on slopes. The aim of the present study was to assess runoff and sediment on three skidding trail longitudinal gradients (15%, 25%, and 35%) and different levels of machine traffic (low, medium, and high), over a two-year period following the impact in the Hyrcanian forest, ...