In 1948, Mason and Sprague (1) reported the isolation of hydrocortisone from the urine of a patient with Cushing's syndrome, and thus provided evidence that hydrocortisone was produced by the human adrenal cortex. Subsequently, hydrocortisone was found to be one of the principal corticoids in human adrenal gland perfusates (2) and in human peripheral blood (3). These observations strongly sugge...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was the evaluation of usefulness of iontophoresis with hydrocortisone combined with ultrasounds in conservative treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty patients (35 women and 5 men), aged 30-72 years, with unilateral CTS confirmed by electromyographic examination were included. The patients were divided into 3 groups based on ...

Hydrocortisone (Kendall's compound F, 17-hydroxycorticosterone, Cortisol) and cortisone (Kendall's compound E, 17-hydroxy-ll-dehydrocorticosterone) have been widely used in medicine for about 20 years, first as adrenal hormones in substitution therapy. Since the discovery of Hench, Kendal, Slocumb & Polley (1949) that cortisone is beneficial against a wide range of rheumatic diseases and agains...

In two experiments, f3-carotene applied to mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), concomitantly with croton resin and croton oil, increased tumor incidence by 58 and 29%. In the same experiments, retinyl acetate reduced tumor incidence by 76 and 29%. Retinol in one experiment reduced the number of papillomas by 75%. f3-lonone, squalene, and isoprene had little or no effect o...

QSAR models for four skin penetration enhancer data sets of 61, 44, 42, and 17 compounds were constructed using classic QSAR descriptors and 4D-fingerprints. Three data sets involved skin penetration enhancement of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate. The other data set involved skin penetration enhancement of fluorouracil. The measure of penetration enhancement is the ratio of the net pe...

The permeation properties of twenty newly synthesized α-alkoxyalkanoyl and α-aryloxyalkanoyl C-21 esters of standard corticosteroids: Fluocinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide and hydrocortisone were established using a PAMPA assay (70% silicone oil and 30% isopropyl myristate). The data were compared with parent corticosteroids with addition of mometasone furoate and hydro...

Membrane-interaction quantitative structure-activity relationship (MI-QSAR) models for two skin penetration enhancer data sets of 61 and 42 compounds were constructed and compared to QSAR models constructed for the same two data sets using only classic intramolecular QSAR descriptors. These two data sets involve skin penetration enhancement of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate, and the ...

Use of steroid biosynthesis inhibitors to suppress estrogen production is a logical strategy in the treatment of women with hormone-dependent breast cancer. The clinical availability of aminoglutethimide as an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450-mediated steroid hydroxylations prompted study of the precise pharmacological and biochemical effects of this drug. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that ami...

BACKGROUND The aim was to survey current practice in glucocorticoid replacement therapy and self-perceived health outcomes in patients with adrenal insufficiency. METHODS Participants were recruited via patient organizations to respond anonymously to a web-based survey developed by clinical experts. Unique entries were set up for each patient organization enabling geographical localization of...

In brain disorders, astrocytes change phenotype to reactive astrocytes and are involved in the induction of neuroinflammation and brain edema. The administration of glucocorticoids (GCs), such as dexamethasone (Dex), reduces astrocytic activation, but the mechanisms underlying this inhibitory action are not well understood. Endothelins (ETs) promote astrocytic activation. Therefore, the effects...