Chondrocytes in articular cartilage are exposed to hydrostatic pressure and distortional stress during weight bearing and joint loading. Because these stresses occur simultaneously in articular cartilage, the mechanism of mechanosignal transduction due to hydrostatic pressure alone in chondrocytes is not clear. In this study, we attempted to characterize the change in intracellular calcium conc...

conventional hydrostatic barium reduction or pneumatic reduction of intussusception is associated with considerable ionizing radiation. the aim of this study was to evaluate ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction for childhood intussusception using water enema. a total of 76 children who diagnosed as having intussusception were referred to doctor sheikh children hospital in mashhad (northeast ...

sludge drying bed is preferred to mechanical methods due to the need for very simple technology. due to restriction of natural dewatering, we tried to eliminate some of these limitations by the tests and studies of assumptions. in this study, the effect of hydrostatic suction and sludge chemical conditioning has been studied in the natural sludge dewatering optimization. at first, hydrostatic s...

A method is introduced to simulate jamming of polyhedral grains under controlled stress that incorporates global degrees of freedom through the metric tensor of a periodic cell containing grains. Jamming under hydrostatic (isotropic) stress and athermal conditions leads to a precise definition of the ideal jamming point at zero shear stress. The structures of tetrahedra jammed hydrostatically e...

Synopsis Mathematical modeling of stress generation in casting processes is a difficult, complex subject that is now receiving increased attention. This paper reviews the basic equations, solution methods and important phenomena associated with casting processes that require special numerical treatment. Stress modeling begins with a coupled, transient heat transfer analysis, including solidific...

This article presents a study of fatigue-crack propagation behavior in Nitinol, a 50Ni-50Ti (at. pct) superelastic/shape-memory alloy, with particular emphasis on the effect of the stress-induced martensitic transformation on crack-growth resistance. Specifically, fatigue-crack growth was characterized in stable austenite (at 120 8C), superelastic austenite (at 37 8C), and martensite (at 265 8C...

The properties of graphene depend sensitively on strain and doping affecting its behavior in devices and allowing an advanced tailoring of this material. A knowledge of the strain configuration, i.e. the relative magnitude of the components of the strain tensor, is particularly crucial, because it governs effects like band-gap opening, pseudo-magnetic fields, and induced superconductivity. It a...

We study axisymmetric thermomechanical deformations of a thick target being penetrated by a fast-moving rigid cylindrical rod with a hemispherical nose, and presume that target deformations appear steady to an observer situated at the penetrator nose tip. Both isotropic and kinematic hardening of the target material are considered. It is found that kinematic hardening increases the normal stres...

Due to the high water content of cartilage, hydrostatic pressure is likely one of the main physical stimuli sensed by chondrocytes. Whereas, in the physiological range (0 to around 10 MPa), hydrostatic pressure exerts mostly pro-chondrogenic effects in chondrocyte models, excessive pressures have been reported to induce detrimental effects on cartilage, such as increased apoptosis and inflammat...

Interfaces between tendon/ligament and bone ("entheses") are highly specialized tissues that allow for stress transfer between mechanically dissimilar materials. Entheses show very low regenerative capacity resulting in high incidences of failure after surgical repair. Tissue engineering is a promising approach to recover functionality of entheses. Here, we established a protocol to decellulari...