Rammed earth construction is built by compacting humid soil into formworks layer layer, using clay fraction as only binder between the grains, without firing procedure. At this stage, material unsaturated, and capillary forces thus act to add cohesion particles. Indeed, a peculiarity of its high hygroscopic capacity, which allows water vapor be absorbed desorbed matrix. The variation hydric sta...

Many old buildings have unsatisfactory thermal performance compared to the standards of today. One way to increase the thermal performance is to add thermal insulation to the building envelope. However, many old buildings are listed and considered to be valuable for historical and esthetic reasons. This often limits the position and thickness of the additional insulation layer. Vacuum insulatio...