Objective: To find out the prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in subfertile females attending outpatient department (OPD) a tertiary care hospital South Punjab, Pakistan Design: Cross sectional Setting: Gynaecological Nishtar Hospital Multan, Duration study: Six months Subjects and methods: After approval from ethical committee, 379 patients, who meet set standards, having primary secondary subfe...

Risperidone, as all atypical antipsychotics, can cause hyperprolactinemia which can in turn lead to galactorrhea. Mood stabilizers, one of which is valproic acid and its derivate "Depakine Chrono", are rarely linked with symptomatic hyperprolactinemia and do not alter prolactin concentrations. This case is based around a patient suffering from a bipolar disorder that has been psychiatrically tr...

INTRODUCTION Hyperprolactinemia is a well-recognized side effect of antipsychotic treatment. Cabergoline, a dopamine agonist, has been introduced on the market to treat hyperprolactinemia, even secondary to antipsychotic use. CASE REPORT In this article, we described two schizophrenic patients who received cabergoline to treat their antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia and developed a sub...

OBJECTIVE Hypersecretion of prolactin (PRL) by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary may lead to hyperprolactinemia in physiological or pathological conditions. However, some of the patients may present with another cause of hyperprolactinemia, described by various authors as macroprolactinemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical, radiological and biochemical assessment of 124 patients we...

INTRODUCTION Several drugs may cause hyperprolactinemia, especially antipsychotic drugs and prokynetic drugs. Serum prolactin concentrations increase within hours after acute administration of these drugs and return to normal within two to four days after cessation of chronic therapy. So far, sibutramine, a sympathomimetic drug used in the management of obesity, was not described to be associat...

BACKGROUND Typical antipsychotic drugs frequently cause hyperprolactinemia and even galactorrhea. In addition, these side effects may result in noncompliance with antipsychotic treatment. Capacity to avoid hyperprolactinemia has been accepted as one atypical criterion. The aim of the present study was to compare effects of haloperidol, the most commonly used antipsychotic, and quetiapine, a nov...

BACKGROUND Whether the withdrawal of treatment in patients with nontumoral hyperprolactinemia, microprolactinomas, or macroprolactinomas is safe and effective has been unclear. We performed an observational, prospective study of cabergoline (a dopamine-receptor agonist) withdrawal in such patients. METHODS The study population included 200 patients--25 patients with nontumoral hyperprolactine...

Clinical vignette: A 29-year-old woman is referred for management of infertility. After menarche at age 12, menses occurred irregularly for a year and then became regular. She initiated use of oral contraceptive pills at the age of 18, then stopped at age 27 to try to conceive. Evaluation revealed hyperprolactinemia with serum prolactin of 90 ng/ml; pituitary MRI showed a 6-mm microadenoma. Oth...

Prolactin is a dual function protein that functions both as a hormone as well as a cytokine (Ben-Jonathan et al., 1996). Prolactin is synthesized and secreted from pituitary gland and its primary role is to help initiate and maintain breast milk production in pregnant and nursing women (PRL prolactin). Prolactin is also synthesized and secreted from the cells of the immune system such as macrop...