OBJECTIVES To evaluate the surgical outcome of tubularised incised plate urethroplasty and onlay island flap repair for mid and proximal penile hypospadias. METHODS The prospective study was conducted at the Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from June 2011 to May 2013. A total of 60 patients with mid and proximal penile hypospadias in the age range of 02 to 06 years were included. Patient...

PURPOSE Hypospadias incidence rates have been widely reported to be increasing. During the last 20 years there has been a significant increase in the number of women who delay childbearing until their mid 30s. Therefore, it was of interest to determine if increasing maternal age is an independent risk factor for hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the New York State Department of Hea...

OBJECTIVE Systems for categorizing hypospadias are based on the location of the external meatus. The presented proposal draws on the organogenesis of the urethra and its position against the bone structure of the pelvis. The aim of the study was to examine the position of the corpus spongiosum division relative to pelvic bone structures as an indicator of the true level of hypospadias. PATIEN...

Objective: To evaluate a potential increase in the number of hypospadias cases after in utero exposure to zidovudine (ZDV) reported to the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry (APR), a prospective cohort study of antiretroviral-exposed pregnancies. Methods: The rate of hypospadias in male infants following first trimester exposure to ZDV-containing regimens was compared to three internal unexposed...

Congenital anomalies frequently occur in organs that undergo tubulogenesis. Hypospadias is a urethral tube defect defined by mislocalized, oversized, or multiple openings of the penile urethra. Deletion of Fgfr2 or its ligand Fgf10 results in severe hypospadias in mice, in which the entire urethral plate is open along the ventral side of the penis. In the genital tubercle, the embryonic precurs...

BACKGROUND Hypospadias is a common urogenital system disorder. The frenulum, which is the most sensitive area of the glans penis, is not present in patients with hypospadias. This may lead to a failure in sexual and ejaculatory function, and cause emotional problems affecting cognitive processes. AIM We aimed to study auditory Event Related Potentials (ERP) in patients with hypospadias to und...

Hypospadias is defined as an abortive development of the urethral spongiosum and ventral prepuce along with an arrest in the normal embryological correction of penile curvature (1). It is one of the most common congenital anomalies, which occurs in approximately 1 of 200 to 1 of 300 live births (1, 2). The majority of cases are distal hypospadias with an incidence of 75% (2). The main goals in ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate prevalence trends of hypospadias in South-America it is essential to perform multicenter and multinational studies with the same methodology. Herein we present systematic data as part of an international multicenter initiative evaluating congenital malformations in South America over a 24-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted using ...

Background. Hypospadias is a part of testicular digenesis syndrome (TDS) which includes infertility, cryptorchidism, and spermatogenesis. Heavy metals act as endocrine disrupting compounds. Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and lead have been associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism, spermatogenesis, cancer, reproductive disorder, and neurological disorder. However, it re...

Boys with undermasculinized external genital and/or 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) often receive masculinizing genitoplasty. Such procedures are done to correct ventral curvature of the phallus, reposition a proximally located urethral meatus, and cosmetically correct the appearance of labioscrotal folds. No studies to date have assessed if patients with a specific DSD diagnosis have ...