Originally searched for and eventually isolated as factors of hypothalamic origin controlling anterior pituitary secretions, these hypophysiotropic peptides are now a chapter of physiology and medical endocrinology of their own. Defying the concept of 'neuropeptides' they and their receptors are now known to be ubiquitous and to have subtle as well as profound effects on a large number of funct...

Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats lacking CCK-A receptors are hyperphagic, obese, and diabetic. We have previously demonstrated that these rats have a peripheral satiety deficit resulting in increased meal size. To examine the potential role of hypothalamic pathways in the hyperphagia and obesity of OLETF rats, we compared patterns of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelan...

The authors used 1H-MRS to investigate hypothalamic metabolism in 26 patients with cluster headache (CH) and 12 healthy subjects. Hypothalamic N-acetylaspartate/creatine was reduced in patients with CH vs controls (p < 0.01). Dividing the patients into episodic CH outside- and in-cluster periods and chronic CH, the hypothalamic N-acetylaspartate/creatine in all three subgroups of patients was r...

Context: Autoimmune hypothalamitis (AHT) is extremely rare and appears on the Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) as a predominant suprasellar mass. There are only few case reports of AHT in literature none was presented together with hypothalamic obesity (HO). Methods prediction hypothalamus (HT) damage included pathogenesis HO. Case description: A 19-year-old female operated transcranial operati...

Hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity are characterized by a lack of satiety and an abnormally high appetite that is difficult to control. We herein report the cases of two patients with hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity with MRI-detectable hypothalamic lesions. These patients suffered from diabetes mellitus associated with an abnormal eating behavior and weight gain. Liraglutide was successf...

Hypothalamic neurons play a key role in homeostasis, yet little is known about their differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that Shh and Bmp7 from the adjacent prechordal mesoderm govern hypothalamic neural fate, their sequential action controlling hypothalamic dopaminergic neuron generation in a Six3-dependent manner. Our data suggest a temporal distinction in the requirement for the two signal...

Hypothalamic leptin signaling plays a central role in maintaining body weight homeostasis. Here, we show that clusterin/ApoJ, recently identified as an anorexigenic neuropeptide, is an important regulator in the hypothalamic leptin signaling pathway. Coadministration of clusterin potentiates the anorexigenic effect of leptin and boosts leptin-induced hypothalamic Stat3 activation. In cultured n...

The induction of hyperprolactinaemia in the male rat following chronic oestrogen administration over 3 months was shown to result in a highly significant reduction in hypothalamic dopamine (DA) concentration as well as significant reductions in hypothalamic noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5-HT). Significant increases in hypothalamic DA synthesis were found 4 days after a single dose of oestro...

As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, brain histamine has a variety of physiological roles in brain functions such as hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) activity. Histamine induces the release of ACTH through the activation of hypothalamic neurons containing vasopressin and CRH. Histamine induces the activity of HPA axis directly or indirectly. Endogenous opioids modulate the (HPA) axis ...

As a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, brain histamine has a variety of physiological roles in brain functions such as hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal (HPA) activity. Histamine induces the release of ACTH through the activation of hypothalamic neurons containing vasopressin and CRH. Histamine induces the activity of HPA axis directly or indirectly. Endogenous opioids modulate the (HPA) axis ...