In order to clarify the functional relationship between thyroid, adrenal and gonadal hormones, hypothyroidism was induced by administration of thiuoracil in adult male and female rats, and the effects of hypothyroidism on the adrenal and the gonadal axes were investigated in the present study. 1. The functional relationship between thyroid and adrenal hormones: Adrenal weights and corticosteron...

Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is increasing in community. Oxidative stress is a common occurrence in hypothyroidism. Studies regarding oxidative stress in subclinical & overt hypothyroidism are limited and controversial. Aim of the study was to estimate and compare the malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) as oxidative stress parameters, in control, subclinical and overt hy...

Thyroid functional disease, and in particular hypothyroidism, is highly prevalent among chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In the general population, hypothyroidism is associated with impaired cardiac contractility, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis and possibly higher cardiovascular mortality. It has been hypothesized that hypothyroidism is an unde...

Objectives. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypothyroidism are each associated with increased rate of pregnancy complications. However, their combined morbidity during gestation is poorly studied. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the combined morbidity of DM & hypothyroidism and whether it is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. Study design. Th...

Objective: Pediatrician is the first contact in the Pathway to Care in children with Mental retardation (MR). Following the recent advancements in the area of molecular genetics, understanding of specific conditions of MR or Developmental Delay (DD) is expanding. Hypothyroidism is a treatable metabolic/endocrinological cause of MR. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypoth...

BACKGROUND While previous research has suggested that there is an association between fluoride ingestion and the incidence of hypothyroidism, few population level studies have been undertaken. In England, approximately 10% of the population live in areas with community fluoridation schemes and hypothyroidism prevalence can be assessed from general practice data. This observational study examine...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in world and characterized by excessive blood glucose levels, which lead to deranged carbohydrate, protein, lipid metabolisms. At its core, DM an impairment insulin metabolism, leading a plethora clinical features. The thyroid gland another vital cog wheel endocrine system, hormones synthesized it are heavily involved contr...

It is well known that treatment with lithium increases the incidence of thyroid dysfunction. Hypofunction is the most common abnormality and can present as an abnormal test result, goitre without hypothyroidism or symptomatic hypothyroidism. Serum levels of lithium are not thought to correlate with incidence and severity of hypothyroidism. In rare cases, lithium has been associated with hyperth...

IMPORTANCE An association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not been established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism with MCI in a large population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Randomly select...

Thyroid hormone is critical for neonatal brain development, and even transient hypothyroidism can cause adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Infants exposed to excess iodine are at risk of developing hypothyroidism, especially those with congenital heart disease (CHD), because they are routinely exposed to excess iodine from intravenous iodinated contrast media and topical antiseptics. The aim of t...