Biodegradation of plant biomass is a slow process in nature, and hydrolysis of cellulose is also widely considered to be a rate-limiting step in the proposed industrial process of converting lignocellulosic materials to biofuels. It is generally known that a team of enzymes including endo- and exocellulases as well as cellobiases are required to act synergistically to hydrolyze cellulose to glu...

One key barrier to converting woody biomass to biofuel through the sugar platform is the low efficiency of enzymatic cellulose saccharification due to the strong recalcitrance of the crystalline cellulose. Significant past research efforts in cellulosic biofuels have focused on overcoming the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses to enhance the saccharification of the recalcitrant cellulose. However...

abstract        background and objective: the formation of urinary infection by uropathogenic e.coli needs   numerous virulence factors and biofilm formation is among these factors. bacteria that form biofilms express phenotype traits that appear according to the bacteria type. cellulose is an important compound on the outside of e.coli causing bacterial cell-cell reactions and connection to no...

extended release formulation of alfuzosin, an a-antagonist used for prostatic hypertrophy, is available in market. it is convenient for older patients to take only one tablet a day. marketed alfuzosin formulation is three layered geomatrix tablet that requires special facilities, high cost, more time and complex operation than normal direct compression formulation. therefore, a less complicated...

Cellulose is inherently resistant to breakdown, and the native crystalline structure (cellulose I) of cellulose is considered to be one of the major factors limiting its potential in terms of cost-competitive lignocellulosic biofuel production. Here we report the impact of ionic liquid pretreatment on the cellulose crystalline structure in different feedstocks, including microcrystalline cellul...

The cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) in the Phytophthora cellulose-binding elicitor lectin (CBEL) are potent elicitors of plant defence responses. Induction of defence has also been reported in various cellulose-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Based on these observations, we propose a model linking cellulose alteration to defence induction. This integrates the fast increase in cytoso...

The pretreatment is one of the critical steps in influencing the reaction efficiency of cellulose. In this article, several pretreatment methods of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are presented: the ultrasonic, sodium hydroxide and 1-butyl3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) dissolution treatment, and the reactivity of cellulose to a TEMPO-NaClONaBr oxidation system is investigated. The tr...

Due to its abundance and a wide range of beneficial physical and chemical properties, cellulose has become very popular in order to produce materials for various applications. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of new cellulose materials and technologies using ionic liquids. Dissolution of cellulose in ionic liquids has been used to develop new processing technologies...

Self organization of the kinesin-microtubule system was implemented as a novel template to create percolated nanofiber networks. Asters of microtubule seeds were immobilized on glass surfaces and their growth was recorded over time. The individual aster islands became interconnected as microtubules grew and overlapped, resulting in a highly percolated network. Cellulose nanowhiskers were used t...