We evaluate the impacts of maternal depression on children’s skill accumulation, exploiting randomized variation in depression created by a cluster-randomized control trial that provided cognitive behavioral therapy to women in rural Pakistan who were diagnosed as depressed in pregnancy. We conducted a followup study when the children were age 7 and assessed their cognitive, socio-emotional and...

Root-deposited photosynthate (rhizodeposition) is an important source of readily available carbon (C) for microbes in the vicinity of growing roots. Plant nutrient availability is controlled, to a large extent, by the cycling of this and other organic materials through the soil microbial community. Currently, our understanding of microbial community dynamics associated with rhizodeposition is l...

The study of the physiological adaptations of skeletal muscle in response to eccentric (ECC) contraction is based on protocols in which exercise intensities are determined relative to the concentric (CON) reference exercise (as percentage of the CON maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2max). In order to use similar exercise protocols in rats, we compared the VO2 values during uphill (CON) and down...

The trophic preferences of soil invertebrates such as Collembola are often determined by the analysis of gut contents, or through visual observations of the location of individuals. As an alternative approach, two species of Collembola, Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta, were offered a choice of the soil fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides or the bacterial feeding nematode Panagrellus redi...

A large body of research has recently shown that early life or in utero shocks, especially climatic shocks, may a ect long-run human capital outcomes. Most of these e ects are assumed to be biological including poor nutrition during critical windows of fetal development, or through increased maternal stress. However, in addition to these biological e ects, climatic conditions at the time of con...

OBJECTIVE  To determine whether treatment with methylphenidate in children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with cardiovascular events. DESIGN  Self controlled case series analysis. SETTING  Nationwide health insurance database, 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011, in South Korea. PARTICIPANTS  1224 patients aged ≤17 who had experienced a...

THE dermatological lesions of sarcoidosit were first described by Boeck in I899, and in 1905 Winkler reported the manifestations of this disease in the nervous system (cited by Salvesen), while others at about the same time described involvement of other organs by sarcoid tissue. Among 20 cases of sarcoidosis at autopsy, Aszkanazy (1952) found three to have central nervous system lesions. Howev...

The impact of long-term grassland management regimes on microbial community structure in soils was assessed using multivariate analysis of polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) banding patterns of selected bacterial groups and PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) profiling. The management regimes assessed were inorganic nitrogen (N) fertiliser application and so...

THE dermatological lesions of sarcoidosit were first described by Boeck in I899, and in 1905 Winkler reported the manifestations of this disease in the nervous system (cited by Salvesen), while others at about the same time described involvement of other organs by sarcoid tissue. Among 20 cases of sarcoidosis at autopsy, Aszkanazy (1952) found three to have central nervous system lesions. Howev...

The phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pattern was analyzed in a forest humus and in an arable soil experimentally polluted with Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, or Zn at different concentrations. In both soil types, there were gradual changes in the PLFA patterns for the different levels of metal contamination. The changes in the forest soil were similar irrespective of which metal was used, while in the arable so...