Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are recommended for patients with asthma who use a short-acting beta(2)-adrenergic agonist more than twice weekly--a key indicator of disease persistency. Much knowledge about the long-term benefits of ICSs in persistent asthma stems from studies of the ICS budesonide, which have shaped current asthma guidelines. Results of the 3-year double-blind phase of the inh...

Specialty section: This article was submitted to Alloimmunity and Transplantation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology Foreign and modified self-antigens bind to natural IgM to form immune complexes (ICs). This facilitates the instructive phase of immunity, which programs immune response to generate class-switched high affinity antibodies required for IC formation, resulting in pat...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether immunocomplexes (ICs) containing advanced glycation end product (AGE)-LDL (AGE-LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) contribute to the development of retinopathy over a 16-year period in subjects with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Levels of AGE-LDL and oxLDL in ICs were measured in 517 patients of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology ...

This paper addresses the problem of navigating in a provably safe manner a mobile robot with a limited fieldof-view placed in a unknown dynamic environment. In such a situation, absolute motion safety (in the sense that no collision will ever take place whatever happens in the environment) is impossible to guarantee in general. It is therefore settled for a weaker level of motion safety dubbed ...

In 2011 the British asthma guidelines recommended for the first time that longacting beta agonists (LABAs) should be prescribed in fixed dose combination inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/LABA inhalers in the treatment of asthma. This represented a revision to the 2009 BTS guidelines in which LABAs were recommended if used with ICS, either as separate inhalers or as a combination ICS/LABA inhaler. T...

BACKGROUND Inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) are first-line anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, but not in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To restrict ICS use in COPD to cases of severe disease, new terms for reimbursement of drug costs were introduced in Norway in 2006, requiring a diagnosis of COPD to be verified by spirometry. OBJECTIVES To describe how GPs' diagnoses and...

Most of the current Information and Computer Security (ICS) literature and research, appears to be following a traditional model of first addressing the technological and technical issues, and assuming that these issues will be augmented by humans. This is evident in the proliferation of security devices and software in our daily lives. Though we still have ICS problems. However, authors like V...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding the impact of prior use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients subsequently developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We assessed the effects of prior ICS use on severity of illness and microbiology in CAP hospitalized patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of subjects with CAP (by the International Classification of Dis...

INTRODUCTION Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (in fixed combinations with long-acting β2-agonists [LABAs]) are frequently prescribed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), outside their labeled indications and recommended treatment strategies and guidelines, despite having the potential to cause significant side effects. AREAS COVERED Although the existence of asthma in ...

BACKGROUND Many factors contribute to uncontrolled asthma; negative inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) beliefs and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) endorsement are 2 that are more prevalent in black compared with white adults. OBJECTIVES This mixed-methods study (1) developed and psychometrically tested a brief self-administered tool with low literacy demands to identify negative ICS be...