This paper reviews the history of standardization, from firm-level standardization at the early Industrial Revolution, to private standardization organizations and voluntary standards in the market economy, and national or international standardization organizations that emerged as a result of industrialization and international trade as well as their national or international standards. The pa...

The 21st century continues to witness the transformation of organizational systems globally through the deployment of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The emerging future is witnessing the convergence of artificial intelligence, biotechnology, nomadic information systems, and nanotechnology. This promises to further transform the nature of inter-organizational systems between t...

Despite the immense popularity and potency of electronic government, it is remain uncharted in many countries regarding proper implementation at the local government level. However, technology possess the prospect of improvement in the way government works, and make better interactions with their citizens. National governments are trying to realize this potential by finding ways to implement no...

The potential for application of ICT in the agro-sector is high. The new tools and techniques are evolving and the implications of that are clearly visible at the global scale. But the level of penetration of ICT is very low in India since the rural masses are not aware of the new technological innovations. The private initiative taken by Tata Chemicals Ltd started with an objective of providin...

E-government implementation has received extra attention as a new way to increase the development of a country. International organizations such as the ITU and the United Nations provide strategic guidance to overcome the challenges of ICT use. Yet, the development of ICT use in developing countries is still very low. Researchers are contributing to support successful implementation with models...

In the history of warfare, there are a number of examples of strategic uses of asymmetric technologies. Consistent with history and theory, individuals, organizations and nations have spotted opportunities to employ information and communications technologies to gain and exploit asymmetric advantages and to counter asymmetric weaknesses. This article discusses various asymmetries associated wit...

This article reports a pilot study on the uses of technology to enable learning within a formal educational setting in a higher education institution and within a corporation. These two Norwegian cases were selected due to their commitment to technology-enabled learning, as expressed in policy and strategy documents. The aim was to investigate the commitment and actual use of information and co...

This paper presents a model of laboratory framework for the student that was developed by the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to conduct experiments on the internet employing a virtual environment based on LabVIEW. The general structure proposed is focused on web based access to real laboratory experiments by providing an advanced infrastructure offering data and computing...

The importance of ICT to all aspects of university business cannot be overemphasised. However the devolved nature of university management, and particularly of research, results in tensions between the central university ICT services (including elearning), striving to provide resilient and cost-effective services for all, and the academic communities that need agile and leading-edge ICTs to ser...

A number of external and internal forces are influencing policing efforts to service the community. These external forces include public expectations for traditional services, and the State government’s push towards new public management practices. Internal forces include legacy management practices and inappropriate asset holdings. While there have been a plethora of companies from the private...