the narratives permitting common reading of quran, despite differences in the readings of imams and those of common ones, allow people to read as common reading. some persons regard seven readings as the proof of their permissibility. others, based on periods, have considered them as permissible only in the imams era. and some jurists have regarded only hafs’ narrative as the proof of these tra...

in the 2nd half of the 6th century a.h., when the isma'ili caliphate in egypt was in the worst political situation, a series of political sunni figures managed to reach the important position of vizara some times. they, who were sympathetic towards the sunni caliphate of abbasids in baghdad and eventually made the fatimid caliphate to fall, during their vizara for fatimid dynasty, had to h...


 The purpose of this research is; firstly, analyzing and describing forms local culture-based religious education conducted by the Kokoda Tribe, secondly roles parents, tribal chiefs mosque imams in designing with a cultural basis thirdly, challenges opportunities for children's education. This is qualitative descriptive study that aims to provide real picture tribe Maibo. data collection...

Islamic Sharia is based on sources, and studying these sources eliciting legal rulings from them attributing each ruling to its source that supports it an obligatory matter. The legislative which four are derived in the following order: Noble Qur’an, Prophet’s Sunnah, peace be upon him, consensus of nation, analogy, as agreed by majority Muslim imams. evidence for authenticity sources: origin f...

This discussion paper is a preliminary version designed to generate ideas and constructive comment. The contents of the paper are presented to the reader in good faith, and neither the author, the ISMA Centre, nor the University, will be held responsible for any losses, financial or otherwise, resulting from actions taken on the basis of its content. Any persons reading the paper are deemed to ...

The end conditions of piano strings can be approximated by the input admittance at the bridge. Proper measurements of this value are therefore required. A method of validation of admittance measurements on simple structures is proposed in this paper. High resolution signal analysis performed on string’s vibrations yields an estimate for the input admittance. This method is implemented on a simp...