We examine whether the benefits and consequences of building trust through corporate social responsibility (CSR) vary when company engages in material or immaterial CSR, conditions under which these hold. Our study informs companies about relative engaging particular types CSR activities. Prior archival research finds that performance can buffer against negative stock reactions caused by subseq...

Global forest area is declining rapidly, along with degradation of the ecological condition remaining forests. Hence it necessary to adopt management approaches that can achieve a balance between (1) human designs based on homogenization structure efficiently deliver economic values and (2) naturally emerging self-organized ecosystem dynamics foster heterogeneity, biodiversity, resilience adapt...

Abstract In recent years, Urban Living Labs (ULLs) have acquired an ever greater resonance in the field of spatial and urban regeneration. Indeed, promotion a collaborative approach turns out to be decisive if one wishes include multiplicity social actors these processes, indispensable aspect today promoting effective physical transformations environment. However, which specific adjustments mus...

Randall D. Kamien Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 We present an alternative local definition of the writhe of a self-avoiding closed loop which differs from the traditional non-local definition by an integer. When studying dynamics this difference is immaterial. We employ a formula due to Aldinger, Klapper and Tabor for the change in writh...

Software is neither material nor immaterial but durable, entrenched and scaffolded. In this article we suggest that services and software should be understood through the diverse forms of durability and temporality they take. We borrow concepts from evolution and development, but with a critical eye towards the diagnosis of value(s) and the need for constant maintenance. We look at examples fro...

This article considers the consequence of incomplete contracts that arise due to difficulties in precisely describing potentially relevant contingencies. Unlike much of the literature, this article concludes that the resulting incompleteness could often be immaterial with respect to economic efficiency. Indeed, attempts to “improve” matters by increasing the accuracy with which the courts deter...

Management greatly depends on knowledge, and its detection, creation, transmission, and number of intangibles play a fundamental role in success. In tourism, information systems must work on immaterial concepts and take steps to satisfy the expectations of multiple potential customers. These systems require complex models of reality and suitable conceptual tools to work out strategies. This art...

The question of the nature of life, and therefore of the soul and spirit, has troubled people since time immemorial, especially if they are seen as essentially immaterial. It is suggested that the soul may be understood as the process of life, the inter-relationship between the parts of the body, and that the spirit is the driving force that motivates life. This is then related to the role of G...