We investigated the antidepressant-like effect of lactoferrin (Lf) in a repeated forced-swim test (FST) stress mouse model. FST was performed on days 1, 2, 7 and 14. Bovine Lf (bLf) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) was supplemented at 1% to the commercial diet after the first FST throughout the experimental period. The FST-control and FST+BSA group showed a marked increase in immobility time on da...

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS More than 7,100 electronic diaries from 80 patients with chronic pain (mean: 89.3, range 30-115) entered multilevel analyses to establish the statistical prediction of disability by pain intensity and by psychological functioning (fear avoidance, cognitive, and spousal pain responses). We also tested the differences between pre-chronic, recently chronic, and persistently ...

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat prefrontal cortex. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): saline group (S group), LPS only group (L group) and LPS plus ketamine group (LK group). A forced swimming test (FST) was p...

Kami-shoyo-san (KSS), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. The aim of the present paper was to investigate whether KSS has antidepressant-like effects, and to assess its mechanism of action, using male Sprague-Dawley rats given 10-fold (KSS 10X) or 20-fold (KSS 20X) the typical human daily dosage. Immobility time was measured by the fo...

Oxidative stress is considered to be a mechanism of major depression. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural plant extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster Aiton and has potent antioxidant activities. We studied the ameliorative effect of PYC on depression-like behavior in chronic corticosterone- (CORT-) treated mice for 20 days. After the end of the CORT treatment period, PYC (0.2 mg/mL) was orally admi...

OBJECTIVE The link between alterations in circadian rhythms and depression are well established, but the underlying mechanisms are far less elucidated. We investigated the circadian characteristics of immobility behavior in wild type (WT) mice and mice with mutations in core Clock genes. METHODS All mice were tested with forced swim test (FST) at 4 h intervals. RESULTS These experiments rev...

This paper suggests applying tools of analysis that had been used previously in the …eld of occupational segregation and horizontal inequity measurement to the study of intergenerational social immobility. The paper introduces the concept of “social immobility curve”and two indices of social immobility are proposed that are extensions of the Theil and Gini indices of inequality. The paper stres...

BACKGROUND We aimed to clarify the association between new indices in a locomotive syndrome risk test and decline in mobility. METHODS In the third survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/osteoporosis Against Disability (ROAD) study, data on the indices were obtained from 1575 subjects (513 men, 1062 women) of the 1721 participants in mountainous and coastal areas. As outcome measures for de...

Drugs of abuse regulate the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in striatal regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To explore how regulation of CREB in the NAc affects behavior, we used herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors to elevate CREB expression in this region or to overexpress a dominant-negative mutant CREB (mCREB) that blocks CREB function. Rats treat...

Objectives : The development of natural drugs with antidepressant effects is important and needed. This study was performed to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of the distilled water extract of Portulaca oleracea L. (POL) in a mouse model and to investigate the role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors in producing these antidepressant-like effect...