The ability of UV irradiation to induce immunogenicity of the nonimmunogenic major histocompatibility complex-negative MCA102 fibrosarcoma was studied. In parallel, the effect of short wavelength UVC light on the sensitivity of tumor cells to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was also investigated. MCA102 fibrosarcoma cells were irradiated in vitro twice with UV...

We have identified an acceptor site on HIV gp120, where foreign protein sequences can be inserted while retaining the native conformation of gp120. The resulting hybrids showed dual antigenicity, normal glycosylation, and high affinity binding of the CD4 receptor. This site allows insertion of highly immunogenic proteins such as core antigen of hepatitis B virus. By combining the immunogenicity...

HIGHLIGHTS E. coli BL21 as a suitable expression and delivery vaccine system; rSeM protein protect mice against S. equi infection; cells enhance the immune response equi; protein, purified or not, presented immunogenicity in horses.

Various glycoprotein conjugate vaccines have been developed for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease, having significant advantages over pure polysaccharide vaccines. One of the most important features of the conjugate vaccines is the induction of a T-cell dependent immune response, which enables both the induction of immune memory and a booster response after repeated immunization....

Third-generation immunotoxins are composed of a human, or humanized, targeting moiety, usually a monoclonal antibody or an antibody fragment, and a non-human effector molecule. Due to the non-human origin of the cytotoxic domain, these molecules stimulate potent anti-drug immune responses, which limit treatment options. Efforts are made to deimmunize such immunotoxins or to combine treatment wi...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization and there remains no pediatric vaccine. RSV live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) have a history of safe testing in infants; however, achieving an effective balance of attenuation and immunogenicity has proven challenging. Here we seek to engineer an RSV LAV with enhanced immunogenicity. Genetic mapping identifies strain l...

Although HLA matching is beneficial in clinical transplantation, it is not feasible to select a completely HLA matched donor for every potential recipient because of the enormous polymorphism of the HLA system. As a consequence, the majority of the recipients will be transplanted with a mismatched donor organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant. For this large group of patients it is importan...

The immunogenicity of therapeutic Abs limits their long-term use. The processes of complementarity-determining region grafting, resurfacing, and hyperchimerization diminish mAb immunogenicity by reducing the number of foreign residues. However, this does not prevent anti-idiotypic and anti-allotypic responses following repeated administration of cell-binding Abs. Classical studies have demonstr...

Chemical modification of nucleosides in mRNA is an important technology to regulate the immunogenicity of mRNA. In this study, various previously reported mRNA formulations were evaluated by analyzing in vitro protein expression and immunogenicity in multiple cell lines. For the macrophage-derived cell line, RAW 264.7, modified mRNA tended to have reduced immunogenicity and increased protein ex...

PURPOSE Nitrocellulose membrane-based filtration system (NCFS) is widely used for protein concentration. In this study, we applied NCFS for production of virus-like particle (VLP) as a vaccine candidate and evaluated yield property and immunogenicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Influenza VLPs were generated by baculovirus-insect cell protein expression system. NCFS and sucrose gradient ultracentri...