In a fusion reactor, the ability to use liquids as plasma-facing components (PFCs) depends on their interaction with the plasma and the magnetic field. One important issue for the moving liquid is the ability to entrain particles that strike the PFC surface (helium and hydrogen isotopes) while accommodating high heat loads. To study this problem, an analytical model and a two-dimensional compre...

The gas-phase decomposition pathways of diethylzinc (DEZn), a common precursor for deposition of Zn-VI compounds, were investigated in detail. The homogeneous thermal decomposition of DEZn in N2 carrier was followed in an impinging-jet, up-flow reactor by Raman scattering. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed to describe the bond dissociation behavior using the model chemistry ...

Ammonia and phosphate, which are present in large quantities waste streams such as livestock manure, key compounds fertilization activities. Their recovery will help close natural cycles take a step forward the framework of circular economy. In this work, lab-scale three-chambered microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) has been operated continuous mode for ammonia phosphate from digested pig slurry ...

heating and sudden cooling are among the most important processes affecting temper quality in the production period of tempered auto glass. in this study, heat transfer characteristics and cooling times during the sudden cooling process of tempered glass production have been experimentally investigated. flat glass with dimensions of 50x50x4 mm has been heated up to 680 ºc in the furnace and was...

In the current work, flow characteristics of single isothermal and non-isothermal jets discharging into upper plenum a 1/16th scaled-down high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) facility were studied. ANSYS Fluent simulations carried out in central plane jet water for different Reynolds numbers (Re) ranging from 3413 to 12,819. Then, statistical characteristics, such as mean velocity, root-m...

The ecology of viruses has been studied only in a limited number of rivers and streams. In light of a recent re-appraisal of the global fluvial surface area, issues such as abundance and production, host mortality and the influence of suspended particles and biofilms are addressed. Viral life cycles, potential impacts of viruses on water biochemistry and carbon flow, and viral diversity are con...

We conduct and analyze two large surveys of hypothetical annuitization choices. We find that allowing individuals to annuitize a fraction of their wealth increases annuitization relative to a situation where annuitization is an "all or nothing" decision. Very few respondents choose declining real payout streams over flat or increasing real payout streams of equivalent expected present value. Hi...

Single-stage nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich streams has been studied extensively during the last decade in view of rising cost of traditional treatment methods and stringent discharge standards. This system has been developed under different names (DEMON, CANON, OLAND, SNAP and SNAD) to carry out simultaneous aerobic, anaerobic ammonium oxidizing and denitrification reactions in the same r...

The paper describes a finite element flow calculation using a two-equation turbulence model and variable properties, which analyses the effect of injecting a negatively buoyant flow stream into the primary circuit of a gas cooled reactor. This flow is intended to purge moisture laden gas from the compartment housing the electrical motors driving the primary circuit pumps. The study highlights t...