one of the import indices of food security evaluation is food import capacity index. ratio of total exports to food imports is often thought to be a measure of the capacity of a country to finance its food imports using revenues from exports of goods and services. this study investigates food import capacity effects on rural households food security by calculated ahfci (aggregate household food...

Depending on how one classifies market intervention, trade liberalization disciplines can be lenient or strict. Perhaps the most important distinction in this respect is that between government intervention labeled as a ‘market access restriction’ and that defined as ‘domestic regulation’. Both the GATT and the GATS declare market access restrictions (such as import quotas or limitations on the...

This paper studies a dynamic game where each of two large blocs, of fossil fuel importers and exporters respectively, sets either taxes or quotas to exercise power in fossil-fuel markets. The main novel feature is the inclusion of a “fringe” of nonstrategic (emerging and developing) countries which both consume and produce fossil fuels. Cumulated emissions over time from global fossil fuel cons...

On January 1, 2005, quotas on textile and clothing trade were lifted. With this, US and EU pricecompetitive clothing imports from China soared. Recent talk of quota safeguards notwithstanding, this has development implications for other, relatively uncompetitive, countries—especially those heavily reliant on textile and clothing exports. This study examines the effect that China will have on th...

We study a dynamic regulation model where firms’ actions contribute to a stock externality. The regulator and firms have asymmetric information about serially correlated abatement costs. With price-based policies such as taxes, or if firms trade quotas efficiently, the regulator learns about the evolution of both stock and costs. This ability to learn about costs is important in determining the...

Recent research has shown that women shy away from competition more often than men. We evaluate experimentally three alternative policy interventions to promote women in competitions: Quotas, Preferential Treatment, and Repetition of the Competition unless a critical number of female winners is reached. We find that Quotas and Preferential Treatment encourage women to compete significantly more...

This paper shows that governments have no incentive to introduce non-tariff barriers when they are free to set tariffs but they do when tariffs are determined cooperatively. We then show three results. First, with trade liberalization, there is a progression from using tariffs only to quotas, and to antidumping constraints (when quotas are jointly eliminated). Second, there is a narrowing of th...

We quantify the intertemporal impact of a renewable quota on CO2 emissions, pollution and welfare. We find that a quota substitutes investments in baseload technologies. Therefore quotas have little impact on CO2 and pollution in systems that expand baseload with hydro. We also find that quotas can be quite expensive and their impact is highly nonlinear. With detailed data on Chile’s system we ...