The Air conditioning system satisfies the various space conditions required for the comfort and industrial air conditioning. Now days demand for AC system applications are increasing and include the areas of application like apartment buildings, banks, office buildings, industrial plants, schools, restaurants etc. This growing demand for air conditioning system forced manufactures to develop su...

Research on climate change suggests that small improvements in the “sustainability” of buildings can have large effects on greenhouse gas emissions and on energy efficiency in the economy. This paper analyzes the economics of “green” building. First, we analyze a panel of office buildings certified by independent rating agencies, finding that large recent increases in the supply of green buildi...

water is one of the important elements in the decoration of iranian buildings and monuments. in fact, water has been employed in forms including the pool, fountains and streams with exquisite drawings manifested in buildings belonging to the early period of islamic architecture. investigations of the present study can demonstrate that certain styles used in water design during the period are of...

The historic buildings represent an important part of the built environment. The possibility to reuse spaces that represent the local cultural heritage plays an important role in maintaining the identity of a population and its traditions. The steps to be faced for smart renovation of historic buildings and recent constructions are not the same, as in the first case artistic and architectural c...

The nature of energy audit in existing buildings put down some difficulties for computer software realisation. One of the most important aspects, related to the uncertainty of data and their processing in computer programs, has not been taken in account by "classical" systems. The purpose of this thesis is to establish the basis of a new generation of tools for energy audit, using advanced prog...

The expansion of underground structures is important in urban areas with high population density. In most large cities in the world, urban development is spreading along the structures. These structures are generally located at shallow depth; therefore study of shallow tunnels in urban areas is critical for development. During the excavation of tunnels in urban areas, creating the asymmetric se...

Accurate information on urban building types plays a crucial role for urban development, planning, and management. In this paper, we apply Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) methods to extract buildings from Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) data and investigate the possibility of classifying detected buildings into ―Residential/Small Buildings‖, ―Apartment Buildings‖, and ―Industrial and Factory Bu...

in this study, the effective parameters on the inelastic response of asymmetric buildings is evaluated for an ensemble of real iranian earthquake records by considering soil-structure interaction. then, the design eccentricity obtained from the inelastic dynamic soil-structure analysis is compared with the design eccentricity of seisimic codes of iran, atc-3, new zeland, canada, mexico, austral...