uring the reign of the fourth Qajar king, Naser-ad-Din Shah (who reigned from 1848–1896), the Chief Minister, Amir Kabir, was involved in modernization of Iran. He founded the first modern higher educational institute in Iran the so called “Dar al-Fonun” (House of Techniques) in 1851. One of the subjects taught there was medicine; now, it is considered a major step in promulgation of modern med...

The global nature and impacts of information technology and strategy are particularly evident in the issue. Application of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and resulting capabilities, strongly influence organizations, economies, and societies. This issue explores aspects of these influences and the implications for processes and planning of effective ICT use. The first three ar...

in this article author examines the developments of al-qaeda after september 11 terrorist attacks. the core idea of the text is that al-qaeda has been changed from a hierarchical organization to a complex, flexible and dynamic with a global reach after 9/11 and subsequently u.s attacks on afghanistan in 2001. in other words al-qaeda that we knew as an organization before 9/11 has been changed t...

deviation from the norm in al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah abstract literature deals with the arrangement and decoration of language with a beautiful form and an impressive message. foregrounding and deviation from the norm are the outcome of the manipulation of standard language in its phonology, semantics, lexis, syntax, and dialects, among other aspects. al-sahifa al-sajjadiyah is among the most val...

al-adab al-saghīr has been translated from pahlavi, and can be regarded as the crossroads of the iranian and islamic cultures. ibn-e moqafa’a, like other translators of pahlavi texts, translated texts which were in line with islamic thoughts from pahlavi to arabic. this was warmly welcomed in the arab world, but they were gradually intertwined with arabic thoughts and the iranian roots were for...

extended abstract 1. introduction abbasid period can be regarded as an epoch in which poetry and eulogy in persia reached maturity, i.e., in which poetry has become a means of praise and admiration (dayf, 2006, p. 565). the kings of this dynasty gathered a group of flattered eulogists and used them for political announcements (alebadi, 2006, p. 13), by allocating precious gifts of war booty to ...

The science of interpretation has a special position in the Islamic sciences and has been addressed seriously by Muslims from the very first days of Islam, because interpretation is to understand and discover the points of the best speech, i.e. the speech of the Sublime Allāh. One of the new commentaries on Muslims' divine book is al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-‘aqīda wa al-sharī‘a wa al-munhaj, auth...

This note intends to collect some open problems in Formal Concept Analysis. The ones below have been presented at the International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis (ICFCA 2006) held in Dresden February 2006. Would you like to add some problems to this list, please feel free to send them to [email protected] Problems presented at ICFCA 2006 in Dresden Problem 1 (Minimal generators for B...