We consider the problem of determining achievable region parameters for universal $1 \to 2$ asymmetric quantum cloning. Measuring cloning performance with figure merit singlet fraction, we show that physical is a union ellipses in plane. Equivalently, characterize parameter state compatibility two possibly different isotropic states, considering, first time, negative fractions.

Aptamers are identified through an iterative process of evolutionary selection starting from a random pool containing billions of sequences. Simultaneously to the amplification of high-affinity candidates, the diversity in the pool is exponentially reduced after several rounds of in vitro selection. Until now, cloning and Sanger sequencing of about 100 sequences was usually used to identify the...

Vector constructs The codon-optimized human FIX cDNA (co-hFIX) or its hyper-functional codon-optimized version (co-hFIX-R338L) were cloned downstream of a chimeric liver-specific promoter composed on the minimal transthyretin (TTR) promoter in combination with a hepatocyte-specific cis-regulatory module (designated as HS-CRM8) that was designed in silico, as described 1,2. This HS-CRM8 contains...

Although apolipoprotein with molecular weight 14 kDa (apo-14 kDa) is associated with fish plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), it remains to be determined whether apo-14 kDa is the homologue of mammalian apoA-II. We have obtained the full cDNA sequences that encode Japanese eel and rainbow trout apo-14 kDa. Homologues of Japanese eel apo-14 kDa sequence could be found in 14 fish species dep...

A comprehensive understanding of protein and regulatory networks is strictly dependent on the complete description of the transcriptome of cells. After the determination of the genome sequence of several mammalian species, gene identification is based on in silico predictions followed by evidence of transcription. Conservative estimates suggest that there are about 20,000 protein-encoding genes...

This paper describes modeling and simulation for the growth and dissolution of oxygen precipitates in Czochralski silicon(CZ) wafers during heat treatment. Growth and dissolution rates arc newly derived and inserted into a set of chemical rate equations(CILEs) and a Fokkor-Planck equation(FPE). Annealing ambients and surface conditions are taken into account for solving continuity equations in ...

To identify the full set of genes expressed by mammalian rods, we conducted serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) by using libraries generated from mature and developing mouse retina. We identified 264 uncharacterized genes that were specific to or highly enriched in rods. Nearly half of all cloned human retinal disease genes are selectively expressed in rod photoreceptors. In silico mappin...

Mycoplasmas, the simplest self-replicating organisms known, are distinguished phenotypically from other bacteria by their minute size and total lack of cell wall. The poultry industry is affected by several species of mycoplasmas, but Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is the most economically significant one. The attachment of mycoplasmas to host respiratory epithelial cells constitutes a critical ...