What is the minimum duration of an effective initial teacher education (ITE) programme? Three-year degree course plus one for training? Three- or four-year with embedded qualified te...

We extracted English expressions that appear in Japanese sentences in newspaper articles and on the Internet. The results obtained from the newspaper articles showed that the preposition “in” has been regularly used for more than ten years, and it is still regularly used now. The results obtained from the Internet articles showed there were many kinds of English expressions from various parts o...

When documents include graphics such as diagrams, photos, and data plots, the graphics may also require summarization. This paper discusses essential differences in informational content and rhetorical structure between text and graphics, as well as their interplay. The three approaches to graphics summarization discussed are: Selection, in which a subset of figures is chosen; Merging, in which...

The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene is holding a 1-day meeting in London, UK, on Sept 25, 2015, to discuss “The disease elimination agenda: the role of science, policy and advocacy”.1 Important meetings such as this are a welcome forum at which to discuss progress and challenges and to reflect on important milestones, particularly with regard to neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)...

Recent studies have shown that some clupeid fishes, including shad and menhaden, can detect ultrasound (sound with frequencies higher than 20 kHz) and actively avoid it. However, other clupeids, including sardines and anchovies, do not detect ultrasound. The hearing abilities of herring are of particular interest because of their commercial importance, our reliance on acoustics to monitor their...

In 2010, JNeurosci made the decision no longer to allow supplemental material because we could not guarantee that the material was sufficiently peer-reviewed. In addition, reviewers sometimes insisted on further analyses and/or experiments that could be added to the supplemental data but did not significantly improve the submitted study. As the years progress, neuroscience papers are becoming m...

This study assessed the appraisal of the stressfulness of the cancer experience and its correlates for family members and older survivors living in the long-term survivorship phase of the disease. On average, family members appraised the cancer experience as more stressful than their surviving relatives. Beliefs about the effect of the diagnosis and treatment on family members were important co...

Virtual communities of patients provide health-related information and mutual support for members. This paper presents a structured analysis of virtual communities of patients and the demand for novel electronic services. Results include success factors of virtual communities of patients, the structural relations between success factors, demand for new and long-term members and newly and long-t...

W hen people talk about modularity, they usually focus on separating the interface and implementation. The whole of point of a module is that it should hide a secret in its implementation that isn't apparent from the interface. A user can then take advantage of what the module does without knowing all the gory details of its implementation. For example, say we have a program that prints the nam...